what are some events that led to the ratification of South Carolina’s constitution of 1868?
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To understand the events that led to the ratification of South Carolina's constitution of 1868, we must delve into the historical context of the time. The year 1868 was during the period of Reconstruction following the American Civil War. The ratification of South Carolina's constitution in this year marked an essential step in the efforts to rebuild and reshape the state after the war. Here are some key events that led to its ratification:
1. Civil War and Emancipation: The Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, resulted in the defeat of the Confederacy and the abolition of slavery. The surrender of Confederate forces in South Carolina, coupled with the emancipation of enslaved individuals, laid the groundwork for significant societal changes.
2. The Reconstruction Act of 1867: In response to the chaotic situation in the post-war South, the U.S. Congress enacted the Reconstruction Act of 1867. This act divided the former Confederate states into military districts, giving the federal government control over their political processes. South Carolina became part of the Second Military District, along with North Carolina and Georgia.
3. Radical Republicans' Influence: The Reconstruction Act of 1867 was a product of the Radical Republicans' influence in Congress. This group believed in harsh measures to address the issues of slavery, racial equality, and Confederate allegiance. They advocated for the enfranchisement of African Americans and wanted to ensure that the new state constitutions in the South reflected their views.
4. Constitutional Convention of 1868: In April 1868, a constitutional convention was held in South Carolina to draft a new state constitution that complied with the requirements of the Reconstruction Act. African American delegates, including many formerly enslaved individuals, played an active role in shaping the constitution. The convention ensured the creation of a document that granted civil rights and extended suffrage to African Americans.
5. Ratification and Approvals: After the constitutional convention concluded, the drafted constitution was submitted to the electorate for ratification. In April 1868, a popular vote was held, and the constitution was ratified by a wide margin. Following this, it was reviewed and approved by the U.S. Congress and President Andrew Johnson, finally becoming law.
These events highlight the larger historical narrative and political dynamics that led to the ratification of South Carolina's constitution in 1868. It signifies a significant shift in the state's governance structure and the expansion of civil rights during the Reconstruction era.