How did World War I change attitudes among African Americans toward themselves and their country?
A: World War I made African Americans defiant, prideful of their race, and wanting power in their country.
I think I might use a word like more self confident rather than defiant but agree in general.
To understand how World War I changed attitudes among African Americans, it is important to examine the context of the time and the impact of the war on African American communities. Here's an explanation of factors that shaped their changing attitudes:
1. Military Service Opportunities: Although discrimination was still prevalent, African Americans had the opportunity to serve in the military during World War I. Joining the armed forces allowed many African Americans to prove their loyalty, patriotism, and capability to fight for their country alongside white Americans. This experience instilled a sense of pride and confidence in their abilities.
2. Migrations and Urbanization: The war created a labor shortage in industrialized cities, leading to increased job opportunities for African Americans. This resulted in the Great Migration, where millions of African Americans moved from rural areas to urban centers seeking better economic prospects. The move to urban areas fostered a growing sense of community, cultural pride, and political consciousness among African Americans.
3. Racial Discrimination and Segregation: Despite their contributions to the war effort, African Americans were often subjected to racism and discrimination both at home and in military service. Segregation was enforced within the military, and African American soldiers faced mistreatment and unequal treatment compared to their white counterparts. These experiences highlighted the need for change and fueled the desire for racial equality.
4. Rise of Black Nationalism: The war brought attention to the contradictions between American ideals of democracy and freedom and the realities of inequality faced by African Americans. This disparity led to the rise of black nationalist ideologies, such as Pan-Africanism and the philosophy of Marcus Garvey. These movements advocated for black pride, self-determination, and the establishment of independent black institutions.
5. Formation of Civil Rights Organizations: The war also led to the establishment of civil rights organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which aimed to fight against racial discrimination and promote equal rights for African Americans. These organizations contributed to a growing awareness and activism among African Americans, as they sought to challenge the racial injustices perpetuated in society.
In summary, World War I affected African Americans' attitudes by providing opportunities for military service, triggering the Great Migration, exposing racial discrimination, fostering a sense of racial pride and consciousness, and prompting the formation of civil rights organizations. These changes led to a growing defiance, pride in their race, and a desire for power and equality within their country.