What are some factors that lead to a country having a declining TFR
higher standard of living
access to inexpensive contraceptives
better medical care
declining need for parents to have many children
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility
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The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a measure that indicates the average number of children born per woman in a specific country or region. A declining TFR suggests a decrease in the number of children being born and can have various factors contributing to it. Here are some common factors that lead to a country having a declining TFR:
1. Economic development: As countries develop economically, the TFR tends to decline. This is because in developed countries, women tend to pursue higher education, participate in the workforce, and have access to healthcare and family planning resources. These factors often result in delayed marriages, increased use of contraceptives, and a desire for smaller families.
2. Urbanization: The process of urbanization is correlated with declining TFR. When people move from rural to urban areas, they often experience changes in their lifestyle, opportunities, and cultural norms. Urban environments typically provide more education and employment opportunities for women, and having smaller families becomes more feasible due to limited space and increased costs associated with city living.
3. Education and empowerment of women: Countries, where women have better access to education and are empowered with economic and social rights, tend to have lower TFR. Education plays a crucial role in shaping women's choices and decision-making abilities. When women have more control over their lives, they often choose to have fewer children and focus on their personal and professional growth.
4. Availability of contraceptives: Access to effective and affordable contraception methods can significantly impact TFR. When reliable contraception options are readily available, individuals can have greater control over their reproductive choices and family planning. Countries with comprehensive reproductive health policies and easy access to contraceptives generally witness declining TFR.
5. Cultural and social change: Societal norms and cultural values can influence the desire for larger families. However, as societies undergo changes and cultural shifts, attitudes towards family size may also evolve. Factors such as the increasing cost of raising children, shifting gender roles, and changing perceptions of gender equality can influence people's decision to have fewer children.
To understand the specific factors contributing to a declining TFR in a particular country, it is important to conduct further research and analyze data related to education, healthcare, economic development, access to family planning, cultural dynamics, and social changes.