3. A section of the Periodic Table of the Elements is shown. Based on the positions of the elements, the two elements that have the most similar chemical properties are —
A. calcium and scandium
B. calcium and titanium
C. titanium and vanadium
D. magnesium and calcium
4. One property used to broadly classify elements is malleability. If a substance is malleable, it can be hammered, shaped, and flattened without shattering. Which group of elements has this property?
A. Metals
B. Metalloids
C. Nonmetals
D. Noble gases
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To determine the answers to these questions, we need to analyze the periodic table.
For question 3, we are looking for elements with similar chemical properties based on their positions in the periodic table. First, we need to identify the positions of the elements given in the answer choices.
Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2 and Period 4.
Scandium (Sc) is in Group 3 and Period 4.
Titanium (Ti) is in Group 4 and Period 4.
Vanadium (V) is in Group 5 and Period 4.
Magnesium (Mg) is in Group 2 and Period 3.
To determine the elements with the most similar chemical properties, we need to consider the elements in the same group (vertical columns) because elements in the same group have similar properties.
Option A (calcium and scandium) are in different groups, so they are unlikely to have very similar properties.
Option B (calcium and titanium) are in the same group (Group 4), which suggests they have similar properties.
Option C (titanium and vanadium) are in consecutive groups (Group 4 and Group 5), which could indicate they have some similarities.
Option D (magnesium and calcium) are in the same group (Group 2), so they are likely to have similar properties.
Based on this analysis, the elements with the most similar chemical properties are calcium and titanium. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
For question 4, we are looking for the group of elements that have the property of malleability, which means they can be hammered, shaped, and flattened without shattering.
Metals are known to exhibit malleability, so option A (metals) is the correct answer. Metalloids (option B), nonmetals (option C), and noble gases (option D) do not have the property of malleability.
Therefore, the correct answer for question 4 is A - Metals.