What is the quantity of thermal energy needed to 0,10kg convert ice at -10 degree Celsius into steam at 100 degree Celsius
heat of warmingice:
heat=mass*cice*(10C) where cice is specific heat content of ice
Heat of melting ice:
heat=mass*Hf where Hf is heat of fusion of ice
Heat of warming water:
mass*Cwater*100
add the heats to get total heat.
and add heat of vaporization to steam
To calculate the quantity of thermal energy needed to convert a substance from one state to another, you can use the concept of specific heat and latent heat.
First, let's break down the different stages involved in converting ice at -10 degrees Celsius to steam at 100 degrees Celsius:
1. Heating the ice from -10 degrees Celsius to 0 degrees Celsius: This requires the specific heat of ice.
2. Melting the ice at 0 degrees Celsius: This requires the latent heat of fusion of ice.
3. Heating the resulting water from 0 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius: This requires the specific heat of water.
4. Vaporizing the water at 100 degrees Celsius into steam: This requires the latent heat of vaporization of water.
Each of these stages has its own specific heat or latent heat value, which we can use to calculate the thermal energy for that particular stage. Let's calculate it step by step:
1. Heating the ice from -10 degrees Celsius to 0 degrees Celsius:
- The specific heat of ice is approximately 2.09 J/g°C.
- Given that the mass of the ice is 0.10 kg, we need to convert it to grams (1 kg = 1000 g).
- The thermal energy required can be calculated using the formula:
thermal energy = mass × specific heat × change in temperature.
- Change in temperature = final temperature - initial temperature.
- Plugging in the values, we get:
thermal energy = (0.10 kg × 1000 g/kg) × 2.09 J/g°C × (0°C - (-10°C)).
2. Melting the ice at 0 degrees Celsius:
- The latent heat of fusion of ice is approximately 334 J/g.
- The thermal energy required can be calculated using the formula:
thermal energy = mass × latent heat.
- Plugging in the values, we get:
thermal energy = (0.10 kg × 1000 g/kg) × 334 J/g.
3. Heating the resulting water from 0 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius:
- The specific heat of water is approximately 4.18 J/g°C.
- The thermal energy required can be calculated using the same formula as step 1, but with the new temperature range:
thermal energy = (0.10 kg × 1000 g/kg) × 4.18 J/g°C × (100°C - 0°C).
4. Vaporizing the water at 100 degrees Celsius into steam:
- The latent heat of vaporization of water is approximately 2260 J/g.
- The thermal energy required can be calculated using the same formula as step 2, but with the new latent heat value:
thermal energy = (0.10 kg × 1000 g/kg) × 2260 J/g.
Once you have calculated the thermal energy for each stage, you can add them together to get the total thermal energy required to convert the ice at -10 degrees Celsius into steam at 100 degrees Celsius.
Note: Make sure to convert the final answer into the appropriate unit desired (e.g., joules, kilojoules).