Information: 1. According to the information on the EERE posting, 22% of the U.S. annual electrical energy consumption is for lighting. The amount of energy is 8.2 Quads, (1.0 Quad = 1015 BTU). This is in agreement with the information given in the International Energy Agency (IEA). Assume that the electrical energy is provided by a power plant operating at an efficiency of 30%. The amount of energy that must be provided by a primary source is then equal to E = 8.2Quads/0.30 = 27.3 Quads. That is, 27.3 Quads of energy is required as feedstock in a power plant to provide the energy for lighting. Express the 27.3 Quads in units of million barrels of oil equivalent (Mboe). A units conversion is: 1.0 Quad => 181 Mboe.

Question

Information: 1. According to the information on the EERE posting, 22% of the U.S. annual electrical energy consumption is for lighting. The amount of energy is 8.2 Quads, (1.0 Quad = 1015 BTU). This is in agreement with the information given in the International Energy Agency (IEA). Assume that the electrical energy is provided by a power plant operating at an efficiency of 30%. The amount of energy that must be provided by a primary source is then equal to E = 8.2Quads/0.30 = 27.3 Quads. That is, 27.3 Quads of energy is required as feedstock in a power plant to provide the energy for lighting. Express the 27.3 Quads in units of million barrels of oil equivalent (Mboe). A units conversion is: 1.0 Quad => 181 Mboe.

Question: What is the annual cost of the energy for lighting to the rate payers of the electrical energy? (assume a rate of $.12/kWh). Note: 1.0 Quad=2.93 x 10^11kWh.

Answer 1

To find the annual cost of the energy for lighting, we need to calculate the total energy consumption and then multiply it by the rate.

Step 1: Convert the energy requirement from Quads to kWh.
Given, 1 Quad = 2.93 x 10^11 kWh
So, 27.3 Quads = 27.3 * 2.93 x 10^11 kWh = 7.9991 x 10^12 kWh

Step 2: Calculate the annual cost.
Given, the rate is $0.12/kWh.
Annual cost = Total energy consumption * Rate
= 7.9991 x 10^12 kWh * $0.12/kWh

Calculating the above expression, the annual cost of the energy for lighting to the rate payers of the electrical energy is obtained.

Answer 2

To determine the annual cost of the energy for lighting to the rate payers of the electrical energy, we need to follow these steps:

Step 1: Calculate the total energy consumed for lighting in kWh.
Given that 1.0 Quad is equal to 2.93 x 10^11 kWh, we can convert the 27.3 Quads into kWh by multiplying:
27.3 Quads * 2.93 x 10^11 kWh/Quad = 7.99 x 10^12 kWh

Step 2: Calculate the annual cost in dollars.
Given that the rate is $0.12/kWh, we can multiply the total energy consumed in kWh by the rate:
7.99 x 10^12 kWh * $0.12/kWh = $9.59 x 10^11

Therefore, the annual cost of the energy for lighting to the rate payers of the electrical energy is $9.59 x 10^11.