The circumstance where the Null Hypotheses is rejected when it is actually true is known as...?
A. Type I Error
B. Mundane realism
C. Experimental incongruence
D. Type II Error
The circumstance where the Null Hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true is known as a Type I Error.
To understand why this is the correct answer, we need to understand what a Null Hypothesis is and what Type I Error means in the context of hypothesis testing.
In hypothesis testing, the Null Hypothesis (H0) represents the default or conservative assumption that there is no significant relationship or difference between variables. It is the hypothesis that we want to test or challenge. On the other hand, the Alternative Hypothesis (H1) represents the claim or prediction we are making.
A Type I Error occurs when we reject the Null Hypothesis (H0) when it is actually true. In other words, it is a false positive result, where we conclude that there is a significant relationship or difference when there is not.
To avoid making Type I Errors, researchers typically set a significance level, denoted by alpha (α), which determines the threshold for rejecting the Null Hypothesis. The most common significance level is α = 0.05, meaning that if the p-value (probability value) is less than 0.05, we reject the Null Hypothesis.
In summary, the correct answer is A. Type I Error, which represents the circumstance of rejecting the Null Hypothesis (H0) when it is actually true.