How do I quickly identify whether or not a salt is soluble?
Most of this is memory work and experience. Here is a link that gives a simplified set of solubility rules.
http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/activity_series.html
http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/activity_series.html