design and conduct an investion to find out whether the amount of heat(gas) produced will depend on an increase on the concentration of Hcl when Hcl reacts with an excess zn.hint...you may investigate either the amount of heat produced or the amount of gas produced(make choice from the start to avoid confusion and write your topic accordingly).you are also not restricted to Hcl and zn as reactants only,you may decide to use your own choice of reactants but check if the reaction is exothermic for heat produced
Title: Investigating the Effect of HCl Concentration on Heat Production in the Reaction with Zinc
Objective:
To determine whether the amount of heat produced is dependent on an increase in the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) when it reacts with an excess of zinc (Zn).
Materials:
1. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) with different concentrations (e.g., 1M, 2M, 3M)
2. Zinc (Zn) metal
3. Calorimeter (insulated container)
4. Thermometer
5. Graduated cylinder or burette
6. Stopwatch/timer
7. Safety goggles and gloves
Procedure:
1. Precautionary Measures:
- Put on safety goggles and gloves to protect yourself during the experiment.
- Ensure proper ventilation in the area where the experiment will be conducted to avoid the buildup of harmful fumes.
2. Setup:
- Set up the calorimeter by placing it on a stable surface.
- Fill the calorimeter with a measured amount of water (e.g., 100 mL) and record its initial temperature.
- Place the thermometer in the water and secure it without touching the calorimeter walls.
3. Reaction Setup:
- Cut a small piece of zinc metal and weigh it accurately.
- Record the mass of the zinc metal.
- Add the measured amount of hydrochloric acid (e.g., 50 mL) to the graduated cylinder or burette.
- Start the stopwatch/timer.
4. Reaction Process:
- Carefully add the hydrochloric acid to the calorimeter containing the water while simultaneously starting the timer.
- Stir the mixture gently using the thermometer to ensure uniform heat distribution.
- Observe and record the highest temperature reached by the solution.
- Repeat steps 3-4 for each concentration of hydrochloric acid, maintaining the same amount of zinc metal and water in the calorimeter.
5. Data Collection:
- Record the highest temperature attained for each concentration of hydrochloric acid.
- Calculate the change in temperature (∆T) for each reaction using the formula: ∆T = Final Temperature - Initial Temperature.
6. Analysis:
- Plot a graph with the concentration of hydrochloric acid (x-axis) versus the change in temperature (∆T) (y-axis).
- Analyze the graph to determine whether there is a relationship between the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the heat produced.
7. Conclusion:
- Based on the graph and analysis, draw a conclusion about whether the amount of heat produced depends on the increase in HCl concentration when it reacts with excess zinc.
- Discuss any limitations and possible sources of error that may have influenced the results.
Note: Before conducting the experiment, it is essential to verify that the reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc is exothermic.