Zinc, copper, lead, and mercury ions are toxic to Atlantic salmon at concentrations of 6.42 times 10 to the -2 mM, 7.16 times 10 to the -3 mM, 0.965 mM, and 5.00 times 10 to the -2 mM, respectively. What are the corresponding concentration is milligrams per liter?

A. Concentrations of zinc
B. Concentration of copper
C. Concentration of lead
D. Concentration of mercury

A. Concentration of zinc: To convert the concentration from millimolar (mM) to milligrams per liter (mg/L), we need to multiply it by the molar weight of zinc. The molar weight of zinc is approximately 65.38 g/mol, which is the same as 65.38 mg/mmol. So, we can calculate the concentration of zinc as follows:

(6.42 x 10^-2 mM) x (65.38 mg/L / 1 mmol) = 4.2 mg/L

Therefore, the concentration of zinc is approximately 4.2 mg/L.

B. Concentration of copper: Following the same conversion process, we can calculate the concentration of copper as follows:

(7.16 x 10^-3 mM) x (63.55 mg/L / 1 mmol) = 0.45 mg/L

So, the concentration of copper is approximately 0.45 mg/L.

C. Concentration of lead: Applying the conversion process once again gives us:

(0.965 mM) x (207.2 mg/L / 1 mmol) = 200 mg/L

Thus, the concentration of lead is approximately 200 mg/L.

D. Concentration of mercury: Lastly, let's calculate the concentration of mercury:

(5.00 x 10^-2 mM) x (200.59 mg/L / 1 mmol) = 10 mg/L

Hence, the concentration of mercury is approximately 10 mg/L.

To convert the concentrations from millimolar (mM) to milligrams per liter (mg/L), we need to use the molar mass and the conversion factor.

The molar mass of zinc (Zn) is 65.38 g/mol.
The molar mass of copper (Cu) is 63.55 g/mol.
The molar mass of lead (Pb) is 207.2 g/mol.
The molar mass of mercury (Hg) is 200.59 g/mol.

The conversion factor is 1 mM = 1 mmol/L = (molar mass in g)/(1000 mL).

Let's calculate the concentrations in milligrams per liter:

A. Concentration of zinc:
Concentration = 6.42 × 10^(-2) mM × (65.38 g/mol)/(1000 mL)
= 0.00419836 g/L
≈ 4.19836 mg/L

B. Concentration of copper:
Concentration = 7.16 × 10^(-3) mM × (63.55 g/mol)/(1000 mL)
= 0.000454622 g/L
≈ 0.454622 mg/L

C. Concentration of lead:
Concentration = 0.965 mM × (207.2 g/mol)/(1000 mL)
= 0.200248 g/L
≈ 200.248 mg/L

D. Concentration of mercury:
Concentration = 5.00 × 10^(-2) mM × (200.59 g/mol)/(1000 mL)
= 0.0100295 g/L
≈ 10.0295 mg/L

Thus, the corresponding concentration in milligrams per liter are:
A. Concentration of zinc ≈ 4.19836 mg/L
B. Concentration of copper ≈ 0.454622 mg/L
C. Concentration of lead ≈ 200.248 mg/L
D. Concentration of mercury ≈ 10.0295 mg/L

To convert the concentrations from moles per liter (mM) to milligrams per liter (mg/L), you need to use the molar mass of each element. The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance and it is expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). Here are the molar masses for the elements in question:

Zinc (Zn): 65.38 g/mol
Copper (Cu): 63.55 g/mol
Lead (Pb): 207.2 g/mol
Mercury (Hg): 200.59 g/mol

To convert the concentrations, you can follow these steps:

A. Concentration of zinc:
6.42 x 10^-2 mM = (6.42 x 10^-2 mol/L) x (65.38 g/mol)
= 0.418 g/L = 418 mg/L

B. Concentration of copper:
7.16 x 10^-3 mM = (7.16 x 10^-3 mol/L) x (63.55 g/mol)
= 0.455 g/L = 455 mg/L

C. Concentration of lead:
0.965 mM = (0.965 mol/L) x (207.2 g/mol)
= 200.264 g/L = 200264 mg/L

D. Concentration of mercury:
5.00 x 10^-2 mM = (5.00 x 10^-2 mol/L) x (200.59 g/mol)
= 10.03 g/L = 10030 mg/L

Therefore, the corresponding concentrations in milligrams per liter are:
A. Zinc: 418 mg/L
B. Copper: 455 mg/L
C. Lead: 200264 mg/L
D. Mercury: 10030 mg/L

Zn = 6.42E-2 mM = 0.0642 mM = 0.0000642 M = 0.0000642 mols/L.

grams = mols x atomic mass which gives you grams/L and that x 1000 converts to mg/L.