Describe, in detail, how to make 3.0 liters of a 3.5 molar HCl solution from an 18.5 molar HCl stock solution.
L x M = L x M
3.0 x 3.5 = L x 18.5
L = 0.567.
Add exactly 0.567 L of the 18.5M solution to a 3.0 L volumetric flask. Add water to the mark. Mix thoroughly.
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To make 3.0 liters of a 3.5 molar HCl solution from an 18.5 molar HCl stock solution, you will need to dilute the stock solution by adding an appropriate amount of solvent, which in this case is water.
The formula for dilution is:
C1V1 = C2V2
Where:
C1 = initial concentration (molarity) of the stock solution
V1 = initial volume (in liters) of the stock solution
C2 = final concentration (molarity) of the diluted solution
V2 = final volume (in liters) of the diluted solution
In this case, C1 = 18.5 M (molar), V1 is the volume of the stock solution (unknown), C2 = 3.5 M, and V2 = 3.0 L.
Rearranging the formula to solve for V1:
V1 = (C2 * V2) / C1
Substituting the given values:
V1 = (3.5 M * 3.0 L) / 18.5 M
V1 ≈ 0.57 L
Therefore, you will need to measure out approximately 0.57 liters (or 570 mL) of the 18.5 molar HCl stock solution and then add enough water to make the total volume reach 3.0 liters.