Hey. Just Started A New Unit In Chem And The Sad Thing Is That I Had A Sub And She Did Not Know Nothing About This Stuff. So If Anyone Could Write Some Notes For Me Here That Are Understandable That Will Be Able To Help Me With The Work I Have To Finish.
Unit Is On Inorganic Nomenclature
I Don't Get How To Name Inorganic Compounds.
I Think I Sort Of Understand How To Name Monatomic Ions. They Are Made Up Of Only One Atom.
But I Don't Get How To Do This Sort Of Stuff.
tin(IV) sulphate
ammonium oxalate
mercury (II) acetate
How On Earth Do I Name These Compounds?
Ag3PO4
Al2(SO4)3
NH4HCO3
ZNCR207
^^That Wasn't Enough Now I Have To Deal With Hydrates:S
FeBr3.6H20
Na2Co3.H20
Ni3(Po4)2.8H20
iron(III) phosphate octahydrate
copper(II) phosphate trihydrate
aluminum nitrate nonahydrate
First, this is far to much writing, like a chapter or two. But to get you started, name the cation (positive ion) first and the anion (negative ion) next.
Ag3PO4 is silver phosphate. How did I know that was phosphate. Here are a list of anions to MEMORIZE.
http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/chemistry/links/chem1/PolyatomicIonsChart.html
If it isn't a polyatomic ion, use the element as a stem and add the ending "ide."
aluminum (or aluminium depending upon US or UK) sulfate
ammonium hydrogen carbonate
zinc dichromate
The hydrates are named simply,
iron(III) chloride hexahydrate
sodium carbonate monohydrate
etc.
To go from name to formuls, you must know the valences. The name usually tells you.
tin(IV) sulphate
ammonium oxalate
mercury (II) acetate
Sn(SO4)2. Sn is +4, SO4 is 2-, all COMPOUNDS are zero; therefore the formula must be Sb(SO4)2
Hg(C2H3O2)2 since Hg is 2+ and C2H3O2 is 1-
Ammonium oxalate is (NH4)2C2O4.
Good luck.
I can help you understand how to name inorganic compounds and hydrates in chemistry. Let's start with inorganic nomenclature.
Inorganic compounds are named based on a set of rules established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The rules help us determine the names of the compounds based on their composition.
1. Monatomic Ions: Monatomic ions, which are single atoms with a positive or negative charge, are named simply by adding the word "ion" to the name of the element. For example:
- Tin (IV) sulphate: The tin(IV) ion has a charge of +4, and sulphate is a polyatomic ion with a charge of -2. When combined, we get tin(IV) sulphate.
2. Binary Ionic Compounds: Binary ionic compounds contain two elements, one being a metal cation and the other a nonmetal anion. When naming these compounds, the metal cation keeps its name, and the nonmetal anion is given an -ide ending. For example:
- Ammonium oxalate: The ammonium ion (NH4+) has a positive charge of +1, and the oxalate ion (C2O4^2-) has a charge of -2. The name of the compound is formed by combining these ions.
- Mercury (II) acetate: The mercury(II) ion (Hg2^2+) has a positive charge of +2, and the acetate ion (C2H3O2^-) has a charge of -1. The name of the compound is determined by combining these ions.
3. Polyatomic Ions: Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that carry an overall charge. When naming compounds containing polyatomic ions, it's important to know the names and charges of the polyatomic ions. For example:
- Ag3PO4: The silver ion (Ag+) has a charge of +1, and the phosphate ion (PO4^3-) has a charge of -3. To balance the charges, three silver ions are required to combine with one phosphate ion.
- Al2(SO4)3: The aluminium ion (Al^3+) has a charge of +3, and the sulfate ion (SO4^2-) has a charge of -2. To balance charges, two aluminium ions (each +3) must combine with three sulfate ions (each -2).
- NH4HCO3: The ammonium ion (NH4+) has a charge of +1, and the bicarbonate ion (HCO3^-) has a charge of -1. The compound is named by combining these ions.
- ZnCr2O7: The zinc ion (Zn^2+) has a charge of +2, and the dichromate ion (Cr2O7^2-) has a charge of -2. To balance charges, one zinc ion combines with one dichromate ion.
Next, let's discuss hydrates. Hydrates are compounds that contain water molecules within their crystal structure. The number of water molecules is indicated using prefixes:
1. FeBr3.6H2O: The compound contains iron(III) bromide (FeBr3) with six water molecules (H2O). The prefix "hexa" denotes six, so the compound is iron(III) bromide hexahydrate.
2. Na2CO3.H2O: The compound contains sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) with one water molecule. The prefix "mono" indicates one, so the compound is sodium carbonate monohydrate.
3. Ni3(PO4)2.8H2O: The compound contains nickel(II) phosphate (Ni3(PO4)2) with eight water molecules. The prefix "octa" represents eight, so the compound is nickel(II) phosphate octahydrate.
I hope this explanation helps you understand how to name inorganic compounds and hydrates. If you have any further questions, feel free to ask!