i have another question that i dnt understand.
its say:::::
explain why german, viking and magyar tribes contributed to the fall of the roman empire...
nd the second question is why was feudalism adapted in europe in the middle ages????
http://history-world.org/middle_ages.htm
http://www.learner.org/interactives/middleages/feudal.html
To understand why German, Viking, and Magyar tribes contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire, we need to look at the historical context. Here's how you can explain it:
1. German tribes: The Germanic tribes, such as the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals, and others, played a significant role in the Roman Empire's decline. Some Germanic tribes sought refuge within the empire's borders due to pressure from invading Huns. However, these tribes brought conflict, as they challenged the Roman authority, demanded land, and engaged in military confrontations. The most notable example is the Visigoth sack of Rome in 410 CE.
2. Viking tribes: The Viking raids happened during the Viking Age (8th-11th centuries) and were primarily directed towards coastal areas of Northern Europe. Vikings, originating from Scandinavia, attacked various regions, including parts of the Roman Empire. The Viking invasions disrupted trade routes, plundered cities, and caused insecurity, leading to economic instability within the empire.
3. Magyar tribes: The Magyars were an ethnic group that settled in the Carpathian Basin (modern-day Hungary) during the 9th century. They were semi-nomadic and had a reputation as proficient riders. The Magyars conducted frequent raids across the empire's eastern borders, inflicting damage to the territories and destabilizing the eastern frontiers.
In summary, these various tribes contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire by exploiting its weakened state, engaging in conflicts, and destabilizing its borders through invasions and raids.
Moving on to the second question about feudalism in medieval Europe, here's an explanation of why it was adapted:
Feudalism developed as a political, social, and economic system during the Middle Ages. Here's why it was adapted in Europe:
1. Protection and Stability: Feudalism emerged as a response to the insecurity and lack of strong central authority following the collapse of the Roman Empire. It provided a system of alliances and relationships that offered protection. Nobles, known as lords, granted land (fiefs) to vassals or knights in exchange for military service. This allowed for the defense and protection of the people and their properties.
2. Agricultural Society: Feudalism was also adapted due to the prevalent agricultural nature of medieval European society. Land was the primary source of wealth and power. The feudal system ensured that land was controlled by the nobility, who would then lease it to peasants or serfs in exchange for labor and part of their agricultural produce. This provided economic stability for both landowners and workers.
3. Decentralization of Power: Feudalism provided a system of localized governance. With no strong central government, power was decentralized, and regional lords held authority over their lands. This system allowed for more immediate and localized decision-making and ensured some level of stability and governance during a turbulent period in European history.
4. Feudal Obligations: Feudalism was also based on a set of reciprocal obligations and hierarchical relationships. Lords provided protection, while vassals offered military service and loyalty. This hierarchical structure created a sense of order and hierarchy, which was crucial during a time of political fragmentation and limited central authority.
In summary, feudalism was adapted in medieval Europe as a response to the need for protection, stability, and economic organization in the absence of a strong central authority. The system provided a hierarchical structure and localized governance that accommodated the agricultural nature of society while ensuring military defense.