During aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down to form several end products. Which end products contain the carbon atoms from glucose? The hydrogen atoms from glucose? The oxygen atoms from glucose? The energy stored in the glucose molecules?
Also...I'm doing the Ward's AP Biology Lab 5 on Cellular Respiration. And it asks for three controls in the experiment.
I have the temperature, the type of peas. What is the other control?
the third control is potassium hydroxide
To determine which end products contain the carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and energy stored in glucose molecules during aerobic respiration, we need to understand the process involved.
Aerobic respiration is the cellular process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy in the presence of oxygen. This process occurs in several stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also called the citric acid cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. Let's examine each stage to identify the end products produced and their corresponding elements.
1. Glycolysis:
Glycolysis is the initial step of aerobic respiration. During this process, glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate. Each pyruvate contains three carbon atoms from glucose. Therefore, the end products that contain the carbon atoms from glucose are the two molecules of pyruvate.
2. Krebs cycle:
After glycolysis, the pyruvate molecules enter the Krebs cycle. In this stage, each pyruvate is completely oxidized and broken down, releasing carbon dioxide (CO2). The carbon atoms from glucose are released in the form of CO2 molecules, which are the end products containing the carbon atoms from glucose.
3. Oxidative phosphorylation:
The final step of aerobic respiration is oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place in the mitochondria. During this stage, electrons released from the breakdown of glucose are transferred through the electron transport chain, leading to the formation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which stores energy.
The hydrogen atoms from glucose are not directly formed as end products. However, in the electron transport chain, the electrons from glucose are passed along a series of protein complexes, which pump hydrogen ions (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane. The accumulation of hydrogen ions generates a concentration gradient, leading to the production of ATP and the formation of water (H2O) through the combination of hydrogen ions and oxygen atoms (O2). Therefore, the hydrogen atoms from glucose indirectly combine with oxygen atoms from O2 to form water (H2O) as an end product.
Regarding the oxygen atoms from glucose, they are primarily involved in the formation of water (H2O) during oxidative phosphorylation, as explained above. Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, combining with hydrogen ions to form water.
To summarize:
- The carbon atoms from glucose are released as carbon dioxide (CO2) during the Krebs cycle.
- The hydrogen atoms from glucose indirectly combine with oxygen atoms from O2 to form water (H2O).
- The oxygen atoms from glucose combine with hydrogen atoms to form water (H2O).
- The energy stored in the glucose molecules is converted into ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.