How would I determine when isomeric dimethylbenzene yields 1 ,2 or 3 mononitro derivatives when treate with HNO3/H2SO4
Thanks in advance
To determine which mononitro derivative(s) of isomeric dimethylbenzene is formed when treated with HNO3/H2SO4, you need to consider the reactivity of the different positions (ortho, meta, and para) on the benzene ring.
Here's a step-by-step procedure to determine the mononitro derivative(s):
1. Identify the possible isomers of dimethylbenzene. There are three isomers:
a. Ortho-dimethylbenzene (1,2-dimethylbenzene)
b. Meta-dimethylbenzene (1,3-dimethylbenzene)
c. Para-dimethylbenzene (1,4-dimethylbenzene)
2. Determine the reactivity of the different positions on the aromatic ring:
a. Ortho and para positions are more reactive due to the presence of neighboring electron-donating methyl groups.
b. Meta position is less reactive because it is not adjacent to the methyl groups.
3. Consider the reaction conditions. HNO3/H2SO4 is a mixture of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), commonly referred to as mixed acid. This mixture is a strong nitrating agent used to introduce nitro (-NO2) groups onto aromatic rings.
4. Based on the reactivity and reaction conditions, analyze the possible outcomes:
a. Ortho-dimethylbenzene: The ortho position is highly reactive and is more likely to react with the nitration mixture, yielding the ortho mononitro derivative.
b. Meta-dimethylbenzene: The meta position is less reactive, so the mononitration is less likely to occur. However, under more vigorous reaction conditions, a small amount of the meta mononitro derivative may form.
c. Para-dimethylbenzene: The para position is also highly reactive and is more likely to react with the nitration mixture, yielding the para mononitro derivative.
In summary, when isomeric dimethylbenzene is treated with HNO3/H2SO4:
- Ortho-dimethylbenzene primarily yields the ortho mononitro derivative.
- Meta-dimethylbenzene may yield a small amount of the meta mononitro derivative, but it is less likely.
- Para-dimethylbenzene primarily yields the para mononitro derivative.
It's important to note that the reaction conditions and experimental factors can influence the outcome, so experimental observations should always be considered.