some material or load of the river is transported by dumping or hopping from one point to another by force of the water.this is called:
a.traction load
b.saltation
c.solution
d.suspension load
The correct answer is d. suspension load. The material or load of the river that is transported by dumping or hopping from one point to another by the force of the water is called suspension load. This refers to small particles that are suspended or carried in the water without settling to the riverbed.
The process you are describing, where material or load in a river is transported by being dumped or hopped from one point to another by the force of the water, is called "saltation." Saltation refers to the movement of sediment particles in a hopping or bouncing manner along the river bed. This happens when the force of the moving water is strong enough to lift and transport these particles for short distances.
To determine the correct answer, you need to go through the given options and understand what each term means in the context of river transportation:
a. Traction load: Traction load refers to the process of sediment transport by rolling or pushing along the river bed without being lifted into the water column. This generally occurs with larger, heavier sediments.
b. Saltation: Saltation is the correct answer. As explained earlier, it involves the transport of sediment particles by hopping or bouncing along the river bed due to the force of the water.
c. Solution: Solution refers to the dissolution of soluble minerals or materials in the water. It is different from the physical transportation of solid particles.
d. Suspension load: Suspension load refers to the transport of sediment particles that are small and light enough to remain suspended in the water column, without settling to the river bed. These particles are carried along with the flow of the water.
Based on the descriptions provided, the correct answer to your question is b. saltation.