1. Which of the following is a characteristic of middle childhood?
A. Lack of identity
B. Formal operations
C. Gaining reading, writing, and mathematical skills
D. The development of sexual characteristics
2. If you require children in middle childhood to spend much time in quiet activities, they
A. would work off nervous energy more quickly.
B. would need frequent rest periods to restore energy.
C. may develop nervous habits such as fidgeting and nail-biting.
D. would be better students with greater cognitive development.
3. Cognition refers to
A. self-esteem. C. nonadaptive behavior.
B. intellectual activity. D. motor skills.
4. When a child understands that things and events continue to exist even though one can’t see or hear
them, we say that the child understands
A. object permanence. C. conservation.
B. intuitive thought. D. mathematical theory.
5. How do three- to six-month-old children usually communicate?
A. In one-word sentences C. By cooing
B. In word strings comprised of two words D. In three-or-more word sentences
6. Which of the following statements best defines dialects?
A. Dialects are the result of deficient language skills.
B. Only people in the lower classes use dialects.
C. Dialects are good predictors of cognitive skills.
D. Dialects are geographic variations in language patterns.
7. Extremely autonomous children
A. usually have strict discipline at home. C. suffer from self-doubt.
B. can’t be creative. D. may not follow rules easily.
8. According to Erikson, lack of identity is
A. typical in adolescence. C. a cause of behavioral problems in preschool.
B. an example of formal operations. D. a cognitive stage.
9. Social learning theories help us understand that
A. five-year-old children can’t do concrete operations.
B. modeling is an important way of learning.
C. peer relationships have no impact on self-concept.
D. aggressive behavior in boys is abnormal.
10. A teacher aide can use modeling to
A. encourage students to change behaviors. C. test for concrete operations.
B. measure physical growth. D. improve a student’s fine motor skills.
11. Which of the following factors helps a child develop a positive self-concept?
A. Family relationships C. Conflicts with teachers
B. Material wealth D. The sex of the child
12. Teachers can improve a student’s self-esteem by
A. being critical of their work. C. controlling the learning environment.
B. letting a student set his or her own goals. D. discouraging imagination.
13. Attempts at suicide are
A. a result of generativity. C. more common in girls.
B. common in middle childhood. D. a form of delinquency
14. Generally, males _______ than females.
A. have less peer interaction C. are less physically aggressive
B. are more resistant to sex role stereotyping D. begin adolescence later
15. Which of the following is the best statement about delinquency?
A. It’s encouraged among some social groups.
B. It’s caused by sexually transmitted disease.
C. It’s unrelated to the quality of family life.
D. It’s decreasing in America.
16. The pre-operational stage of development is characterized by
A. feelings of inferiority. C. abstract thinking.
B. limited attention span. D. the use of metaphors and satire in language.
17. Adolescence is associated with
A. formal operations. C. reversibility.
B. concrete operations. D. short attention span.
18. Syntax refers to
A. peer interaction and acceptance. C. the grammatical order of words.
B. a sexually transmitted disease. D. Freud’s psychosexual stages.
19. Hormones have a powerful effect on
A. emotional and social development. C. a student’s test scores.
B. intelligence and abstract reasoning. D. the development of writing and reasoning skills.
20. Which of the following statements best describes the preconceptual stage of pre-operational thinking?
A. It occurs between the ages of four and seven.
B. It’s characterized by egocentrism.
C. It helps children develop the idea of reversibility.
D. It has little effect on later stages of development.
Thanks for reposting the questions.
I've checked your answers below.
1. The characteristic of middle childhood is C. Gaining reading, writing, and mathematical skills. To answer this question, we can eliminate options A and D because lack of identity and the development of sexual characteristics are not characteristics of middle childhood. Option B, formal operations, is characteristic of adolescence, not middle childhood. Option C, gaining reading, writing, and mathematical skills, is the correct answer because during middle childhood, children typically develop and improve these skills.
2. If you require children in middle childhood to spend much time in quiet activities, they may develop nervous habits such as fidgeting and nail-biting (option C). To answer this question, we can eliminate options A and D because they do not specifically address the behavior mentioned in the question. Option B, needing frequent rest periods to restore energy, is not accurate because quiet activities are not necessarily tiring for children. Option C, developing nervous habits, is the correct answer because when children are restricted to quiet activities for a long time, they may develop habits like fidgeting or nail-biting as a way to release nervous energy.
3. Cognition refers to B. intellectual activity. To answer this question, we can eliminate options A, C, and D because they do not specifically refer to cognition. Option B, intellectual activity, is the correct answer because cognition encompasses the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge, problem-solving, and thinking.
4. When a child understands that things and events continue to exist even though one can't see or hear them, we say that the child understands A. object permanence. To answer this question, we can eliminate options B, C, and D because they do not specifically describe the understanding mentioned in the question. Option A, object permanence, is the correct answer because it refers to the concept that objects continue to exist even if they are out of sight or hearing.
5. Three- to six-month-old children usually communicate by cooing (option C). To answer this question, we can eliminate options A, B, and D because they describe more advanced communication skills that typically develop later in childhood. Option C, cooing, is the correct answer because it is a common vocalization made by infants in the first few months of life.
6. Dialects are geographic variations in language patterns (option D). To answer this question, we can eliminate options A, B, and C because they are not accurate definitions of dialects. Option D, dialects are geographic variations in language patterns, is the correct answer because dialects are regional or cultural variations of a language used by a particular group of people.
7. Extremely autonomous children may not follow rules easily (option D). To answer this question, we can eliminate options A, B, and C because they do not describe the behavior mentioned in the question. Option D, may not follow rules easily, is the correct answer because extremely autonomous children often have a strong desire for independence and may resist following rules or authority figures.
8. According to Erikson, lack of identity is typical in adolescence (option A). To answer this question, we can eliminate options C and D because they are not accurate descriptions of lack of identity. Option B, an example of formal operations, is incorrect because formal operations are related to cognitive development, not identity. Option A, typical in adolescence, is the correct answer because Erikson's theory suggests that adolescence is a critical period for developing a sense of personal identity.
9. Social learning theories help us understand that modeling is an important way of learning (option B). To answer this question, we can eliminate options A, C, and D because they do not accurately describe the impact of modeling on learning. Option B, modeling is an important way of learning, is the correct answer because social learning theories emphasize the role of observing and imitating others in the learning process.
10. A teacher aide can use modeling to encourage students to change behaviors (option A). To answer this question, we can eliminate options C and D because they are not accurate uses of modeling in education. Option B, measure physical growth, is incorrect because modeling is not used for measuring physical growth. Option A, encourage students to change behaviors, is the correct answer because modeling can be used as a demonstration of desired behaviors and can motivate students to adopt those behaviors.
(Note: Part 2 to follow)