What advantages did the Byzantine Empire have over other countries in medieval Europe? Choose four correct answers.
It remained a center for trade.
It was a place where people still created art.
It was conquered by many different cultures.
It had more favorable laws that protected people.
It was a place where the strong defeated the weak.
It was a place where people from different cultures mixed.
The correct answers are:
1. It remained a center for trade.
2. It was a place where people still created art.
3. It had more favorable laws that protected people.
4. It was a place where people from different cultures mixed.
Which statements give reasons why the church split in 1054? Choose three correct answers.
The pope and the emperor disagreed over power.
Western clergy used Latin, while Eastern clergy used Greek.
The Byzantine Empire invaded Rome and destroyed icons there.
People disagreed over beliefs about the source of the Holy Spirit.
People in Constantinople wrote a new religious text to replace the Bible.
The correct answers are:
1. The pope and the emperor disagreed over power.
2. Western clergy used Latin, while Eastern clergy used Greek.
3. People disagreed over beliefs about the source of the Holy Spirit.
Why was the Roman Empire divided into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires in 284 CE?
The government of one half of the empire had fallen apart.
Half of the Roman Empire had been conquered by a new leader.
The Roman Empire had grown so large that it was difficult to rule.
The church had had a major disagreement that had caused a split.
The correct answer is: The Roman Empire had grown so large that it was difficult to rule.
Why did Constantine establish a new capital of the Roman Empire in Byzantium?
Byzantium was located on trade routes and could be better protected.
Byzantium was close to Rome, so travel between the two cities was easy.
Byzantium was already a huge city that needed little construction to make it the capital.
Byzantium was located in the middle of Europe and close to the people of the Western Empire.
The correct answer is: Byzantium was located on trade routes and could be better protected.
Which statement best describes Constantinople during the reign of Constantine?
The city was a center for culture because of trade.
The city was controlled by a few wealthy families.
The city was difficult to defend from attacks.
The city was poor and relied on farming and fishing.
The correct answer is: The city was difficult to defend from attacks.
Which statement best describes Justinian’s reign?
He changed Byzantium to Constantinople.
He built Rome into a busy capital city with a lot of trade.
He ruled during the golden age of the Byzantine Empire.
He divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western empires.
The correct answer is: He ruled during the golden age of the Byzantine Empire.
Which statement best describes the Code of Justinian?
It was a written set of laws for the Byzantine Empire.
It was a written history of the rulers of the Roman Empire.
It was a written set of religious beliefs that the church adopted.
It was a written guide explaining the trade routes throughout Europe.
The correct answer is: It was a written set of laws for the Byzantine Empire.
Which statements describe achievements of Justinian’s reign? Choose three correct answers.
Woman gained rights because of the laws.
The Eastern and Western Roman Empires were reunited.
The capital city was moved from Rome to Constantinople.
Bridges and aqueducts throughout Constantinople were repaired.
Many pieces of mosaic art were created throughout Constantinople.
The correct answers are:
1. Bridges and aqueducts throughout Constantinople were repaired.
2. Many pieces of mosaic art were created throughout Constantinople.
3. Woman gained rights because of the laws.
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
Constantinople remained a center for
.
Constantinople was a center for the
religion.
Constantinople was protected by
.
Constantinople remained a center for trade.
Constantinople was a center for the Eastern Orthodox religion.
Constantinople was protected by fortified walls.
Which statements describe causes of the division of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches? Choose three correct answers.
The emperor converted to a new religion.
They differed in beliefs about the Holy Spirit.
One group of clergy used Latin, the other Greek.
There was a power struggle between the pope and the emperor.
One was based on the Bible, the other on the Qur’an.
The correct answers are:
1. They differed in beliefs about the Holy Spirit.
2. One group of clergy used Latin, the other Greek.
3. There was a power struggle between the pope and the emperor.
Write three paragraphs that explain the importance of Justinian’s political, social, and architectural achievements. Explain what his achievements were in each area, and provide examples of each.
Justinian's reign left a lasting impact on the political, social, and architectural aspects of the Byzantine Empire. Politically, Justinian's most notable achievement was the establishment of the Code of Justinian, a comprehensive legal code that became the foundation of Byzantine law. This code included laws and legal principles to regulate various aspects of society, including marriage, property, and criminal justice. An example of this achievement is the Hagia Sophia, an architectural wonder that transformed from a church to a mosque, symbolizing the merging of political and religious authority in Byzantium.
Socially, Justinian's reign saw advancements in the rights of women. The law code introduced by him granted women certain rights in matters of marriage and property, providing them with a degree of legal protection. Moreover, Justinian's reign witnessed the construction of public institutions to serve society, such as orphanages and hospitals. These institutions provided social support and medical care to those in need, showcasing the emperor's commitment to improving the welfare of his people.
Architecturally, Justinian embarked on an ambitious building program, constructing numerous impressive structures that still stand to this day. One of the most renowned examples is the Basilica Cistern, an underground water reservoir that showcased the advanced engineering skills of the Byzantines. Another notable architectural achievement was the construction of the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy. This church is famous for its intricate mosaics and innovative architectural design, which combined Byzantine and Roman elements.
In summary, Justinian's political achievements included the establishment of a comprehensive legal code, his social accomplishments consisted of advancements in women's rights and the construction of public institutions, while his architectural legacy encompassed the creation of remarkable structures that displayed the engineering and artistic prowess of the Byzantine Empire. Through these achievements, Justinian left an indelible mark on the history and development of Byzantium.