Based on Kepler's observations about planetary motion, what is the relationship between a planet's orbital velocity and its distance from the sun?(1 point) Responses The greater the distance, the greater the orbital velocity. The greater the distance, the greater the orbital velocity. Distance has no effect on orbital velocity. Distance has no effect on orbital velocity. The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity. The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity. As distance is cut in half, orbital velocity decreases.
The correct answer is:
The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity.
Which did Kepler notice about planetary motion that caused him to propose Kepler’s first law of orbital motion?(1 point) Responses The distance to the sun varies. The distance to the sun varies. Most planets have highly elliptical orbits. Most planets have highly elliptical orbits. The distance between Mars and the sun is constant. The distance between Mars and the sun is constant. The planets have circular orbits.
The correct answer is:
Most planets have highly elliptical orbits.
Which are features of Copernicus's model of the solar system? Select the three correct answers.(2 points) Responses The outer planets move in epicycles. The outer planets move in epicycles. The planets move in perfect circles. The planets move in perfect circles. The Sun is at the center. The Sun is at the center. The stars are fixed to an outer sphere. The stars are fixed to an outer sphere. Earth is fixed to a crystalline sphere. Earth is fixed to a crystalline sphere. All planets orbit the Sun at the same speed.
The three correct answers are:
- The Sun is at the center.
- Earth is fixed to a crystalline sphere.
- The planets move in perfect circles.
A line between a planet and the sun sweeps out two equal areas at different places as it moves along its orbit. Which factor remains constant as this happens?(1 point) Responses the time required to sweep out the areas the time required to sweep out the areas the planet’s speed as it sweeps out the areas the planet’s speed as it sweeps out the areas the distance the planet moves along its orbit while it sweeps out the area the distance the planet moves along its orbit while it sweeps out the area the distance from the sun to the planet while it sweeps out the areas
The correct answer is:
the distance from the sun to the planet while it sweeps out the areas.
Which of the following statements about Newton's theory of universal gravitation are true? Select the three correct answers.(2 points) Responses Gravitational force increases as mass of objects decreases. Gravitational force increases as mass of objects decreases. The theory applies only to objects on Earth. The theory applies only to objects on Earth. Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects increases. Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects increases. The theory applies to all objects in the universe. The theory applies to all objects in the universe. Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects decreases. Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects decreases. Gravitational force increases as the mass of objects increases.
The three correct statements about Newton's theory of universal gravitation are:
- The theory applies to all objects in the universe.
- Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects decreases.
- Gravitational force increases as the mass of objects increases.
An asteroid approaches Jupiter and is slung around into a new trajectory across the solar system. Which of the following are possible? Select the three correct answers.(2 points) Responses The asteroid enters a stable elliptical orbit around the sun. The asteroid enters a stable elliptical orbit around the sun. The asteroid continues out of the solar system. The asteroid continues out of the solar system. The asteroid adopts an unusual orbit around the sun, such as an egg shape. The asteroid adopts an unusual orbit around the sun, such as an egg shape. The asteroid falls into an irregular orbit around Jupiter. The asteroid falls into an irregular orbit around Jupiter. The asteroid spirals into the sun. The asteroid spirals into the sun. The asteroid slows down as it passes around Jupiter.
The three correct answers are:
- The asteroid continues out of the solar system.
- The asteroid adopts an unusual orbit around the sun, such as an egg shape.
- The asteroid falls into an irregular orbit around Jupiter.
What shape is the moon's orbit around Earth?(1 point) Responses a spiral a spiral an ellipse that is almost circular an ellipse that is almost circular a circle a circle an ellipse that is elongated an ellipse that is elongated
The correct answer is:
an ellipse that is almost circular
The mass of an object doubles. What happens to the gravitational force between it and another object whose mass stays the same, assuming they remain the same distance apart?(1 point) Responses The amount of the gravitational force decreases by one-half. The amount of the gravitational force decreases by one-half. The amount of the gravitational force remains the same. The amount of the gravitational force remains the same. The amount of the gravitational force quadruples. The amount of the gravitational force quadruples. The amount of the gravitational force doubles.
The amount of the gravitational force doubles.
Which statements about the geocentric model are false? Select the two correct answers.(1 point) Responses It shows Earth at the center of the solar system. It shows Earth at the center of the solar system. It shows the orbits of the planets as circular. It shows the orbits of the planets as circular. It shows the Sun at the center of the solar system. It shows the Sun at the center of the solar system. It explains why Mars appears to move backward for a few months approximately every two years.
The two false statements about the geocentric model are:
- It shows the orbits of the planets as circular.
- It shows the Sun at the center of the solar system.