Use the map to answer the question.
A map of North America has four regions marked. Region 1 includes the northwest of the United States. Region 2 includes northern Mexico and the southwest of the United States. Region 3 includes the southeast of Canada, the northeast of the United States, and the midwestern United States. Region 4 includes the southeast of the United States.
In which region did the Mogollon, Hohokam, and ancestral Puebloans live?
(1 point)
Responses
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
Region 4
Based on the description provided, the Mogollon, Hohokam, and ancestral Puebloans likely lived in Region 2, which includes northern Mexico and the southwest of the United States.
Which of the following is an example of how American Indians of the Northwest coast were unique in how they practiced social organization?
(1 point)
Responses
Green Corn ceremony
Green Corn ceremony
Iroquois League
Iroquois League
mound building
mound building
potlatch
The answer is potlatch. The potlatch was a unique social and economic system practiced by American Indians of the Northwest coast. It involved hosting elaborate feasts and giving away gifts and wealth in order to display social status, establish alliances, and redistribute wealth within the community.
Use the map to answer the question.
A map of the eastern edge of Asia, North America, and the northernmost parts of South America is shown. The map shows Asian and North American lands separated only by glaciers and small bodies of water. Arrows drawn on the map show possible routes of the land bridge theory and the coastal route theory. The coastal route arrows travel southward along the western coast of North America. The land bridge arrows travel southward through North America into Central and South America. One arrow leads to a point on the map, Meadowcroft Rockshelter, Pennsylvania, 17,000 BCE. Another arrow leads to a point labeled Clovis, New Mexico, 9500 BCE.
Which theory is best supported by the map?
(1 point)
Responses
Early humans first arrived in North America 10,000 years ago.
Early humans first arrived in North America 10,000 years ago.
Early humans settled mainly along the coast of North America.
Early humans settled mainly along the coast of North America.
Early humans traveled along the coast from North America to Asia.
Early humans traveled along the coast from North America to Asia.
Early humans migrated from Asia to North America over a land bridge.
Based on the information provided on the map, the theory that is best supported is that early humans migrated from Asia to North America over a land bridge. This is indicated by the arrows showing the land bridge routes leading from Asia through North America into Central and South America. The points labeled Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Clovis also suggest human presence in these areas at different time periods, further supporting the theory of migration from Asia to North America.
How did the Inquisition affect European exploration?
(1 point)
Responses
People signed up to fight in the Crusades.
People signed up to fight in the Crusades.
People fled to escape religious persecution.
People fled to escape religious persecution.
People designed better navigation tools.
People designed better navigation tools.
People sought new trade routes to Asia.
The correct answer is: People fled to escape religious persecution. The Inquisition, which was a series of investigations and trials aimed at identifying and punishing heresy in Europe, led to religious persecution and the persecution of non-Christians. As a result, people, including explorers, who were persecuted or feared persecution sought to escape and find refuge in new lands, which influenced European exploration.
Which of the following elements of European culture led to the Age of Exploration?
(1 point)
Responses
a rigid feudal system
a rigid feudal system
a strong desire for luxury goods
a strong desire for luxury goods
an avid quest for artistic expression
an avid quest for artistic expression
a renewed interest in learning languages
The correct answer is: a strong desire for luxury goods. The Age of Exploration was largely driven by a strong desire for valuable and exotic goods from faraway lands. European nations, such as Spain and Portugal, sought to establish trade routes and find new sources of wealth, including spices, silks, and precious metals. This desire for luxury goods played a significant role in motivating explorers to set out on long and dangerous voyages in search of new trade routes and discoveries.
Which of the following best describes the change in European society as a result of the Crusades? Select the two correct answers.
(1 point)
Responses
There was a spirit of inquiry.
There was a spirit of inquiry.
There was religious tolerance.
There was religious tolerance.
There was more susceptibility to disease.
There was more susceptibility to disease.
There was more support for the feudal system.
There was more support for the feudal system.
There was a consumer culture.
The two correct answers are:
1. There was a spirit of inquiry.
2. There was a consumer culture.
The Crusades, a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims in the Middle Ages, had a significant impact on European society. One outcome was a spirit of inquiry, as the Crusades exposed Europeans to new cultures, ideas, and technologies from the Middle East. This led to increased curiosity and a desire for knowledge and exploration.
Additionally, the Crusades indirectly stimulated a consumer culture in Europe. As European Crusaders traveled to the Middle East, they encountered luxurious goods and exotic products. This exposure to new and desirable items sparked a demand for increased trade and the acquisition of these goods, contributing to the growth of a consumer culture in Europe.
How did the trans-Saharan trade network affect West Africa's economy?
(1 point)
Responses
West Africa expanded its ocean trade routes.
West Africa expanded its ocean trade routes.
West Africa became dependent on European traders.
West Africa became dependent on European traders.
West Africa saw the rise of wealthy trading empires.
West Africa saw the rise of wealthy trading empires.
West Africa lost access to many of its resources.
The correct answer is: West Africa saw the rise of wealthy trading empires. The trans-Saharan trade network, which involved the exchange of goods across the Sahara Desert between North Africa and West Africa, had a significant impact on West Africa's economy. This trade network, facilitated by the use of camel caravans, allowed for the exchange of products such as gold, salt, ivory, and slaves. The wealth generated from this trade led to the rise of powerful trading empires in West Africa, such as the Mali Empire and the Ghana Empire, which controlled and profited from the trade routes.
How did slavery differ as practiced in the Americas as compared to in West Africa?
(1 point)
Responses
Slavery in the Americas was based on social status.
Slavery in the Americas was based on social status.
Slavery in the Americas involved time limits on servitude.
Slavery in the Americas involved time limits on servitude.
Slavery in the Americas was based on nationality.
Slavery in the Americas was based on nationality.
Slavery in the Americas relied on ideas of racial superiority.
The correct answer is: Slavery in the Americas relied on ideas of racial superiority. Slavery in the Americas was fundamentally different from slavery as practiced in West Africa. In the Americas, slavery was primarily based on race, with Africans being enslaved based on the belief in the inherent racial inferiority of Africans. This racialized form of slavery led to the dehumanization, long-term servitude, and hereditary enslavement of African individuals and their descendants. In West Africa, slavery was often based on factors such as social status, debt, or capture in warfare, rather than solely on race.
Why were the Spanish eager to find a western water route to Asia?
(1 point)
Responses
They wanted to save money by traveling by sea instead of by land.
They wanted to save money by traveling by sea instead of by land.
They wanted to gain profits from the slave trade on the way to Asia.
They wanted to gain profits from the slave trade on the way to Asia.
They wanted to reach Asia before the Portuguese.
They wanted to reach Asia before the Portuguese.
They wanted to influence Portuguese exploration in Asia.
The correct answer is: They wanted to reach Asia before the Portuguese. The Spanish were eager to find a western water route to Asia in order to establish direct trade with the lucrative Asian markets and bypass the dominance of Portuguese trade in the region. The Portuguese had successfully established maritime trade routes to Asia around Africa, and the Spanish wanted to find a quicker and more direct route to gain access to the valuable spices, silks, and other goods of the East. By reaching Asia before the Portuguese, the Spanish hoped to gain a competitive advantage and establish their own profitable trade network.
Which of the following most motivated Spain to explore the Americas?
(1 point)
Responses
desire to promote religious tolerance
desire to promote religious tolerance
desire to convert Native Americans to Catholicism
desire to convert Native Americans to Catholicism
desire to strengthen its navy
desire to strengthen its navy
desire to avert war with Portugal
The correct answer is: desire to convert Native Americans to Catholicism. One of the primary motivations for Spain to explore the Americas was the desire to spread the Catholic faith and convert the indigenous populations to Christianity. Spain saw its exploration and colonization efforts as an opportunity to extend the influence of the Catholic Church and eliminate what they perceived as pagan or non-Christian beliefs. This religious zeal played a significant role in Spain's exploration and colonization of the Americas.
Where did the Portuguese first explore?
(1 point)
Responses
Asian coast
Asian coast
African coast
African coast
South America
South America
North America
The correct answer is: African coast. The Portuguese were the first European nation to engage in extensive exploration along the African coast. In the 15th century, Portuguese explorers, such as Prince Henry the Navigator and Vasco da Gama, set out to find a sea route to Asia by sailing south along the African coast. Their navigational discoveries and established trading posts along the African coast paved the way for further Portuguese exploration and the eventual establishment of maritime trade routes to Asia.
Which primary motivation for exploration in the Americas did the English, Dutch, and French share?
(1 point)
Responses
developing new navigation tools
developing new navigation tools
spreading Protestantism in their colonies
spreading Protestantism in their colonies
challenging Spanish commercial interests
challenging Spanish commercial interests
creating alliances with Native American tribes
The correct answer is: challenging Spanish commercial interests. The primary motivation that the English, Dutch, and French shared for exploration in the Americas was the desire to challenge and disrupt the Spanish monopoly on trade and commercial interests in the region. The Spanish had established a dominant position in the Americas through their colonization and control over valuable resources and trade routes. The English, Dutch, and French sought to undermine Spanish dominance by establishing their own colonies, trading posts, and engaging in piracy to disrupt Spanish commerce and gain their own share of the lucrative American trade.
How did Dutch colonies in North America and the Caribbean affect Spain?
(1 point)
Responses
Dutch colonies blocked Spain's attempts to spread Catholicism.
Dutch colonies blocked Spain's attempts to spread Catholicism.
The Netherlands became a powerful trading rival for Spain.
The Netherlands became a powerful trading rival for Spain.
Dutch colonies drove Spain to declare war against the Netherlands.
Dutch colonies drove Spain to declare war against the Netherlands.
The Netherlands seized Spain's colonial possessions in the Caribbean.
The correct answer is: The Netherlands became a powerful trading rival for Spain. The establishment of Dutch colonies in North America and the Caribbean had a significant impact on Spain. The Dutch, through their colonies and trading posts, became formidable rivals to Spanish trade and commercial interests. The Dutch were able to challenge Spain's dominance in the region and establish their own profitable trade networks. This competition for trade and resources strained Spain's economic and political power, contributing to their decline as a major colonial power.
How did a good relationship with Native Americans benefit the French?
(1 point)
Responses
Native Americans wanted to convert to French Catholicism.
Native Americans wanted to convert to French Catholicism.
Native Americans provided abundant furs for trade.
Native Americans provided abundant furs for trade.
Native Americans provided labor on plantations.
Native Americans provided labor on plantations.
Native Americans allied with the French against the Dutch.
The correct answer is: Native Americans provided abundant furs for trade. The French benefited from having a good relationship with Native Americans primarily because Native American tribes provided the French with a steady supply of valuable furs for trade. The fur trade was a major economic activity for the French in North America, and their positive relationships with Native American tribes allowed them to establish and maintain profitable trading networks. The French traded goods such as metal tools, weapons, and textiles in exchange for furs, especially beaver pelts, which were highly sought after in European markets. This fur trade helped stimulate French economic growth and further colonization efforts in the Americas.
How did mercantilism affect European countries' pursuit of colonies in the Americas?
(1 point)
Responses
European countries thought the Americas were an economic threat.
European countries thought the Americas were an economic threat.
European countries sought to form alliances with each other.
European countries sought to form alliances with each other.
European countries wanted to establish more countries to trade with.
European countries wanted to establish more countries to trade with.
European countries wanted more access to raw materials.