A slice of cheese is 3.0°C and is sitting on a dish that is 3.0°C. If the dish and cheese are in a refrigerator that is set to 3.0°C, which of the following statements is true? (1 point)
Responses
Heat will not flow because there is no temperature difference between the substances.
The temperature of the air in the refrigerator will decrease and the temperature of the cheese will increase.
The temperature of the cheese will increase and the temperature of the dish will decrease.
Heat will flow from the air in the refrigerator to the cheese and the dish.
Heat will not flow because there is no temperature difference between the substances.
The picture below shows one cell dividing into two cells. Which of the following statements is best supported by the picture shown above?(1 point)
Responses
Both living and non-living organisms contain cells.
All organisms are multi-cellular.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cell division only occurs in animals.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Thousands of golden toads, shown below, used to occupy the tropical forests of Costa Rica. In the late 1980s, however, unusually warm weather caused many of the pools that the toads used as breeding areas to dry up. By 2004, the golden toad was listed as extinct. This example demonstrates how:(1 point)
Responses
extinction is caused by bacteria, fungi, and other infectious agents.
extinction can be related to a failure to adapt to changes in the environment.
extinction can be related to invasion by non-native species competing for resources.
extinction is directly related to human impact.
extinction can be related to a failure to adapt to changes in the environment.
The average monthly rainfall during the summer months in Boulder, Colorado and in Madison, Wisconsin are shown in the graph below. Which of the following conclusions could be made from this data?(1 point)
Responses
Madison's summer climate is drier than Boulder's.
It is hotter in Madison than in Boulder during the summer.
Madison's summer climate is wetter than Boulder's.
It is hotter in Madison than in Boulder during the winter.
Madison's summer climate is wetter than Boulder's.
The Earth has spheres that are constantly interacting. Which of the following is the best example of the geosphere interacting with the biosphere?(1 point)
Responses
Strong winds carry pollen across large fields to flowers.
A strain of bacteria is able to live deep in an ocean.
Volcanic ash provides nutrients in the soil for plants.
Some land mammals are dependent on ice formations.
Volcanic ash provides nutrients in the soil for plants.
The following image is a prediction of how an earthquake would spread from the epicenter (marked by a star). Red indicates the worst areas, and green indicates the places where there is the least shaking. Water is colored blue. Consider a seismic wave—an earthquake—that starts in the middle of the red area and travels outward along the surface of the earth. Point A is the same distance from the epicenter as point B. Using what you know about the movement of waves, how would you expect the seismic waves to be different at point A and point B?(1 point)
Responses
The waves would be larger at point A than at point B.
The waves would be exactly the same at points A and B.
The ground would shake up and down at point A but back and forth at point B.
The waves would arrive at point B before they arrived at point A.
The waves would be exactly the same at points A and B.
The Milky Way Galaxy contains:(1 point)
Responses
only the objects found in the Solar System.
billions of stars and the objects in orbit around them.
all of the stars throughout the Universe.
billions of stars but not the objects in orbit around them.
billions of stars and the objects in orbit around them.
As the masses of the objects decrease, the force of gravity between them...?
As the masses of the objects decrease, the force of gravity between them decreases.
As the distance between the objects decreases, the force of gravity between them...?
As the distance between the objects decreases, the force of gravity between them increases.
Remy has learned that rock and soil from avalanches can cause tsunamis by falling into the ocean. Remy wonders if the height of the mountain has anything to do with the eventual size of the tsunami wave. How should Remy test this?(1 point)
Responses
Build different-sized model mountains at the edge of a pool, pour sand down the side of each mountain, and see how large each resulting wave is.
Build a model town at the edge of a pool and see how large waves must be to cause damage to the buildings.
Pour different amounts of sand down the side of a model mountain into a pool and see how large each resulting wave is.
Cause avalanches on several different mountains and see how large each resulting tsunami is.
Build different-sized model mountains at the edge of a pool, pour sand down the side of each mountain, and see how large each resulting wave is.
Select the group of organelles that is common to both plant cells and animal cells.(1 point)
Responses
cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, mitochondria
ribosomes, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm
cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell wall, nucleus
nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chloroplasts
ribosomes, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm
At one time, most people believed that the Universe was static, meaning it did not change. When larger and better telescopes were invented in the early 1900s, however, it was discovered that light from objects in space shifted toward longer wavelengths. Scientists concluded that only an expanding Universe could explain this shift. Which of the following statements is supported by this example?(1 point)
Responses
The principle of the expanding Universe is a scientific law.
Once a scientific theory has been accepted, it can never change.
Scientific knowledge can change when new evidence or interpretations arise.
The theory of the expanding Universe cannot change, even if new evidence arises.
Scientific knowledge can change when new evidence or interpretations arise.
The image below shows numerous volcanic mountains in the Pacific Northwest. What is the most likely cause of the volcanic and earthquake activity in this region? (1 point)
Responses
rising and falling tides in the ocean
random abnormal weather occurrences
solar and lunar variations
collision of tectonic plates
collision of tectonic plates
The food web for a particular ecosystem is shown below. What would most likely happen if the grasshopper population had a major increase?(1 point)
Responses
The lizard population would not change.
The frog population would decrease.
The snake population would increase.
The duck population would decrease.
If the grasshopper population had a major increase, the snake population would increase.
Cells are the basic units of life in living organisms. Which of the following components make up cells?(1 point)
Responses
atoms and tissues
tissues and organs
atoms and molecules
molecules and organs
atoms and molecules
Kelly has a sample of an unknown substance. Which properties of the substance will be the same no matter how large or small her sample is?
(1 point)
Responses
all of these
melting point, boiling point, and mass
melting point, boiling point, conductivity, density
melting point, boiling point, conductivity, solubility, density
melting point, boiling point, and mass
Saturn's largest moon is Titan, shown below. Which of the following statements about Earth and Titan is true?
(1 point)
Responses
The gravitational force between Earth and Titan is less than that between Earth and Pluto.
The gravitational force between Earth and Titan is more than that between Earth and Saturn.
There is no gravitational force between Earth and Titan.
The gravitational force between Earth and Titan is less than that between Saturn and Titan.
Kelly has a sample of an unknown substance. Which properties of the substance will be the same no matter how large or small her sample is?
(1 point)
Responses
all of these
melting point, boiling point, and mass
melting point, boiling point, conductivity, density
melting point, boiling point, conductivity, solubility, density
Melting point, boiling point, and mass.
Saturn's largest moon is Titan, shown below. Which of the following statements about Earth and Titan is true?
(1 point)
Responses
The gravitational force between Earth and Titan is less than that between Earth and Pluto.
The gravitational force between Earth and Titan is more than that between Earth and Saturn.
There is no gravitational force between Earth and Titan.
The gravitational force between Earth and Titan is less than that between Saturn and Titan.
The gravitational force between Earth and Titan is less than that between Earth and Saturn.
An observational field study allows scientists to gain information about how things occur or behave in nature. In what field of science would a scientist most likely perform an observational field study on how the rate of erosion is related to the widening of a river or stream?(1 point)
Responses:
chemistry
physics
geology
biology
geology
The image below shows the processes of mitosis and meiosis. How do the products of mitosis compare to the products of meiosis?
(1 point)
Responses
The cells from mitosis are identical to each other and to the parent cell, but the cells from meiosis are not identical to each other or the parent cell.
Mitosis produces sperm and egg cells, but meiosis produces body cells, like skin and muscle.
Mitosis produces cells with half the chromosomes of the parent cell, but meiosis produces cells with the same chromosomes as the parent cell.
The cells from mitosis are a requirement of sexual reproduction, but the cells from meiosis are a requirement of asexual reproduction.
The cells from mitosis are identical to each other and to the parent cell, but the cells from meiosis are not identical to each other or the parent cell.
When automobiles are designed, engineers try to maximize their fuel efficiency. Even with modern technology, today's most efficient vehicles can only attain about 30% efficiency. That means of all the chemical energy of the fuel put into an automobile, only 30% of the fuel results in car motion. Which statement best explains why this happens?(1 point)
Responses
Much of the energy is destroyed.
Most of the energy is transformed into mass.
Most of the energy becomes chemical energy.
Much of the energy is transformed into heat.
Much of the energy is transformed into heat.
In the diagram below, light from the Sun strikes a beach (Z). The beach sand gains heat then warms the air that is immediately above it (X) and the sand that is immediately below it (Y).The warm air rises and is replaced by cool air (W). Which point indicates convective heat transfer?
(1 point)
Responses
Y
X
W
Z
W
Jay wants to know how the amount of acidity in rainwater influences the weathering rate of limestone. To answer his question, Jay performs an experiment in which he soaks identical pieces of limestone in 200 mL of different carbonic acid solutions. The pH of the solutions range from 3.0 to 5.5. After performing his experiment once, he reports his data and draws a conclusion. What can Jay do to improve the reliability and accuracy of his data?(1 point)
Responses:
He can use different types of rocks but follow the same experimental procedure.
He can repeat his experiment using a sodium hydroxide base instead of carbonic acid.
He can increase the volume of the carbonic acid solutions.
He can repeat his experiment multiple times and ask someone else to replicate his experiment.
He can repeat his experiment multiple times and ask someone else to replicate his experiment.
Carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) are pure substances. Each is made of only one type of atom, but carbon atoms are different from hydrogen atoms. Carbon and hydrogen chemically combine to form methane (CH4).Based on this information:(1 point)
Responses
carbon and hydrogen are elements and methane is a compound.
carbon, hydrogen, and methane are all compounds.
methane is an element and carbon and hydrogen are compounds.
carbon, hydrogen, and methane are all elements.
carbon and hydrogen are elements and methane is a compound.
Mrs. Clark decides to do a demonstration for her class with a piece of notebook paper. Using a balance, Mrs. Clark discovers that the mass of the paper is 20 g. She then takes the piece of paper and cuts it into several small pieces. The cumulative mass of the small pieces is 20 g. What has Mrs. Clark demonstrated for her class?(1 point)
Responses:
a physical change involving change of shape and size of matter
a chemical change involving change of shape and size of matter
a chemical change involving change of mass
a physical change involving change of mass
a physical change involving change of shape and size of matter
The three classes of rocks are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. How are rocks classified into one of these three groups?
(1 point)
Responses
According to the amount of weathering they have endured
According to the method of their formation
According to how many times they have been through the rock cycle
According to their position in the lithosphere
Rocks are classified into one of these three groups according to the method of their formation.
The diagram below shows a sequence of rock layers. Examine the diagram, and answer the question that follows. Using radiometric dating, scientists have determined that Layer M is 110 million years old. Based on this information and the principle of superposition (younger layers lie above older layers):
(1 point)
Responses
Layer T is older than 110 million years, and Layers R, X, and G are younger than 110 million years.
Layers T, R, X, and G are all younger than 110 million years.
Layers T, R, X, and G are all older than 110 million years.
Layer T is younger than 110 million years, and Layers R, X, and G are older than 110 million years.
Layer T is younger than 110 million years, and Layers R, X, and G are older than 110 million years.
Visible light that reaches the Earth from the Sun is known as white light. Which of the following statements about white light is true?(1 point)
Responses
White light is made up of only one color.
White light is made up of a spectrum of many different colors.
White light falls within the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
White light is made up mostly of ultraviolet and infrared light.
White light is made up of a spectrum of many different colors.
At one time, all living organisms were separated into only two kingdoms—Animals and Vegetables. Once the microscope was invented and improvements in microscopy were made, however, more kingdoms were defined. The Protist kingdom was established in 1866, and the Monera kingdom was added in 1938.The Monera kingdom was later subdivided into the Eubacteria and Archea kingdoms in the1990s. Fungi were classified as plants until 1969. What is one reason why fungi were separated into a new kingdom?
(1 point)
Responses
All fungi are unicellular. All plants are multicellular.
The cell walls in fungi are composed of chitin. Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose.
Fungi are able to undergo photosynthesis and make their own food. Plants get the nutrients that they need by consuming other organisms.
Fungi are prokaryotic. Plants are eukaryotic.
The cell walls in fungi are composed of chitin, while plant cell walls are composed of cellulose.
Different seasons arise as the Earth revolves around the Sun because the Earth's axis is tilted. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, what seasons will the two hemispheres be experiencing?(1 point)
Responses:
Both hemispheres will be in summer.
The Northern Hemisphere will be in summer, and the Southern Hemisphere will be in winter.
Both hemispheres will be in winter.
The Northern Hemisphere will be in winter, and the Southern Hemisphere will be in summer.
The Northern Hemisphere will be in summer, and the Southern Hemisphere will be in winter.
The diagram below shows the lungs, which are the main organs in the respiratory system. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
(1 point)
Responses
to protect the body against foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses
to send signals from one part of the body to other parts of the body
to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide gases within the body
to break down food into nutrients that can be circulated throughout the body
The main function of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide gases within the body.
A model of an atom shows eight electrons in rings that represent different energy levels. How many electrons are in each energy level?(1 point)
Responses
two in the first energy level, six in the second energy level
zero in the first energy level, eight in the second energy level
four in the first energy level, four in the second energy level
eight in the first energy level, zero in the second energy level
two in the first energy level, six in the second energy level
Which statement about an atom is correct?(1 point)
Responses
The electron has a negative charge and is found outside of the nucleus.
The neutron has no charge and is found outside of the nucleus.
The neutron has a negative charge and is found in the nucleus.
The proton has no charge and is found in the nucleus.
The electron has a negative charge and is found outside of the nucleus.
A student wants to draw a model of an atom. Which statement describes how to find the number of neutrons to include in the model?(1 point)
Responses
Add the atomic number and the mass number.
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
Add the number of electrons to the number of protons.
Subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons.
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
Which of the following does the atomic number of an atom represent?(1 point)
Responses
the number of particles in the nucleus of the atom
the number of particles outside the nucleus of the atom
the number of neutrons in the atom
the number of protons in the atom
the number of protons in the atom
A molecule of ethanol has two carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. A ball-and-stick model of a molecule of ethanol is made from the following components:
one red ball
two black balls
six white balls
eight sticks
What do the black balls in the model represent?
(1 point)
Responses
hydrogen atoms
bonds between atoms
carbon atoms
oxygen atoms
Complete the following sentences by placing the correct word into the box. (1 point)
Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse.
The brightness of a star depends on how much light is released by the star and how far the star is from Earth. There are two ways to describe a star's brightness. A star's Response area brightness is the brightness seen by humans on Earth. A star's Response area brightness is its actual brightness and does not depend on where the star is viewed from.
initialapparentterminalabsolute