Viruses are often referred to as non-living infectious particles as they lack many characteristics of living organisms like cellular structure. They do not have the ability to carry out reproduction and metabolism without a host cell.
True or False and why?
a
True - if a living organism requires a cellular structure, even if they can reproduce - they are by definition non-living.
b
False - viruses, like bacteria, do not have a cellular structure and yet, bacteria are considered living organisms.
c
False - viruses do have a clear cellular structure, including a cell membrane called an envelope.
d
False - viruses are able to reproduce and use energy without a host cell.
b - False: This statement is incorrect because viruses are not considered living organisms. Although they may exhibit some characteristics of living things, such as reproduction and metabolism, they require a host cell to carry out these processes. Therefore, they are referred to as non-living infectious particles.
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the "Cell Theory"?
a
All living things or organisms are made of cells.
b
All cells arise from preexisting cells.
c
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
d
All cells arise spontaneously.
d - All cells arise spontaneously. This statement is not part of the Cell Theory. The Cell Theory states that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic structural and functional units of life, and all cells arise from preexisting cells through cell division. It does not support the idea of cells arising spontaneously.
Herpes simplex and HIV are excellent examples of which of the following?
a
antigens
b
virus
c
bacteria
d
immunity
b - virus: Herpes simplex and HIV are both viral infections. Therefore, they are considered examples of viruses, not bacteria, antigens, or immunity.
The diffusion of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane is called
a
facilitated diffusion.
b
active transport.
c
osmosis.
d
endo-aqua thermogenesis.
c - osmosis: The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is referred to as osmosis.
The cellular process shown in the image below would be vital in a cell/organism which ________________
INNER CELL SPACE OUTER CELL SPACE
a
needs to take in a large amount of liquid
b
takes in waste for metabolic uses
c
needs to absorb viral particles
d
releases hormones needed by nearby cells/the organism
a - needs to take in a large amount of liquid: The process shown in the image is likely depicting endocytosis, where substances are engulfed by the cell through the formation of vesicles. This process is commonly used by cells to take in large amounts of liquid or other substances.
When a duck dives into cold water, the capillaries in its skin constrict and move deeper below the surface of the skin. This reaction is an example of
a
homeostasis.
b
respiration.
c
duckosis
d
biosynthesis.
a - homeostasis: The reaction described, where the capillaries in the skin of a duck constrict and move deeper below the surface, is an example of homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. In this case, the duck is regulating its body temperature by constricting blood vessels to reduce heat loss to the cold water.
Two potted plants were subjected to a thunderstorm with high winds. Plant A was blown onto its side during the storm, as shown in the diagram.
Which statement describes the appearance of both plants after 5 days of sunny weather?
a
Plant A stopped growing and Plant B grew toward the Sun.
b
Plant A grew parallel to the ground and Plant B grew toward the Sun.
c
Plant A grew toward the ground and Plant B grew toward the Sun.
d
Plant A and Plant B both grew toward the Sun.
c - Plant A grew toward the ground and Plant B grew toward the Sun: After being blown onto its side during the thunderstorm, Plant A would likely exhibit a tropism called geotropism or gravitropism, where it grows or bends in response to gravity. In this case, since Plant A was blown onto its side, it would grow toward the ground. Plant B, on the other hand, would exhibit phototropism by growing toward the Sun.
Directions: The graph shows the growth rate of mold under various levels of relative humidity. Use the graph to answer any questions that follow.
Please note that - 25 °C = 77 °F
Which conclusion can be correctly inferred from the data?
a
Any increase in relative humidity causes a decrease in mold growth.
b
Mold only flourishes in either hot and arid or wet and freezing conditions.
c
Any increase in temperature causes a decrease in mold growth.
d
Mold grows well in the same ranges in which humans live.
Without the graph or specific data, I cannot accurately answer this question. Could you please provide the relevant graph and data?
Inside the nucleus in cells is another organelle called the , which is in charge of producing and assembling the cell’s for protein synthesis.
Inside the nucleus in eukaryotic cells is another organelle called the nucleolus, which is in charge of producing and assembling the cell's ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Why do viruses need living hosts, such as bacteria or eukaryote cells?
a
Viruses have a cellular structure which never requires a host.
b
The host cell is the source of food for the virus.
c
Viruses depend on a host cell because they lack their own DNA or RNA.
d
Viruses depend on the host cells that they infect to reproduce/replicate.
d - Viruses depend on the host cells that they infect to reproduce/replicate. Viruses lack the necessary cellular machinery to carry out essential functions such as reproduction. They rely on infecting a host cell and hijacking its cellular machinery to create copies of themselves. This is why viruses need living hosts, such as bacteria or eukaryotic cells. They use the host cell's resources and cellular machinery to replicate and produce new virus particles.
You are sick with a sore throat and fever. Your doctor does a throat swab and makes a microscope slide. Under the microscope, they find long chains of spherical cells that lack membrane bound organelles.
Do you have a viral or bacterial or fungal infection? How do you know?
a
You have a viral infection, as viruses form long cellular chains unique to your cells.
b
You have a bacterial infection, as bacteria are simple prokaryotic cells - and you are not.
c
You have a fungal infection, as fungi are simple prokaryotic cells - as are you.
d
Impossible to determine from the information supplied.
d - Impossible to determine from the information supplied. The information provided does not give enough specific details to determine whether the infection is viral, bacterial, or fungal. More specific tests and analysis would be needed to identify the cause of the infection.
What function do ribosomes have within a cell?
a
Ribosomes control what enters and exits the cell.
b
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
c
Ribosomes contain genetic material.
d
Ribosomes produce ATP.
b - Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes play a critical role in the process of protein synthesis within a cell. They are responsible for translating the genetic information contained in mRNA (messenger RNA) into proteins.
The picture shows the lysosomes and ribosomes of a cell.
Which best describes how the lysosomes and the ribosomes interact to maintain homeostasis?
a
Lysosomes store enzymes that are created by ribosomes.
b
Lysosomes deliver enzymes to be broken down by ribosomes.
c
Ribosomes sort proteins that are created by lysosomes.
d
Ribosomes distribute proteins that are created by lysosomes.
b - Lysosomes deliver enzymes to be broken down by ribosomes.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and macromolecules. Ribosomes, on the other hand, are responsible for protein synthesis. In the context of maintaining homeostasis, lysosomes deliver enzymes to be broken down by ribosomes. This process helps to recycle cellular components, maintain proper function, and remove waste, contributing to cellular homeostasis.
Researchers conducted a study concerning cellular transport in animal cells affected by mitochondrial disease. The disease affects an organism's ability to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During their study, which method of cellular transport still functioned in the affected animal cells?
a
Phagocytosis
b
Pinocytosis
c
Simple diffusion
d
Active transport
c - Simple diffusion: Simple diffusion is a passive process that does not require energy expenditure and allows the movement of small, nonpolar molecules across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. As ATP production is affected in the animal cells due to mitochondrial disease, which primarily supplies energy for active transport processes, simple diffusion would still be able to occur as it does not rely on ATP. Therefore, option c, simple diffusion, would still function in the affected animal cells.
Crystals of dye, when placed in a beaker of water, eventually spread evenly throughout the water. This is an example of
a
active transport.
b
osmosis.
c
diffusion.
d
phagocytosis.
c - diffusion: The scenario described, where crystals of dye spread evenly throughout water when placed in a beaker, is an example of diffusion. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In this case, the dye particles move from an area of higher concentration (the crystals) to an area of lower concentration (the water) until they are evenly distributed.
What phenomenon is causing the bean seedling to bend?
a
thigmotropism
b
rapid response
c
gravitropism
d
phototropism