What was a common theme shared by the Mayan and Aztec civilizations?
(1 point)
Responses
They traded fur with the Dutch and French.
They were both interested in astronomy.
They shared similar marriage customs.
They were nomadic and traveled in clans.
The common theme shared by the Mayan and Aztec civilizations was that they were both interested in astronomy.
What was the initial reason for Columbus’s journey to the New World?
(1 point)
Responses
to seek religious freedom as a result of the split of the Protestant Reformation
to find a sea route to Asia that would give Spain direct access to valuable products of Asia
to build a colony in North America to take advantage of fur trading
to establish a slave trade route from the Americas to Africa to Europe
The initial reason for Columbus's journey to the New World was to find a sea route to Asia that would give Spain direct access to the valuable products of Asia.
For their part, Native Americans introduced Europeans, Africans, and Asian to new foods, customs, and ideas. After 1492, elements of Native American ways of life gradually spread around the world. Sadly, disease also spread from the Americas to Europe and other parts of the world.
Native Americans introduced Europeans to valuable food crops such as corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans, tomatoes, manioc, squash, peanuts, pineapples, and blueberries. Today, almost half the world’s food crops come from plants that were first grown in the Americas.
Europeans carried the new foods with them as they sailed around the world. Everywhere, people’s diets changed and populations increased. In South Asia, people used American hot peppers and chilis to spice stews. Chinese peasants began growing corn and sweet potatoes. Italians made sauces from tomatoes. People in West Africa grew manioc and corn.
Use the excerpt to answer the question
Based on this excerpt from the text, what impact did the Native Americans ultimately have on the rest of the world?
(1 point)
Responses
Their food was in high demand and brought great wealth to the Americas.
Their exposure to European disease eventually caused a serious decline in the global population.
Their crops allowed Europeans to take longer voyages in order to explore more distant lands.
Their crops influenced people's diets in many different regions around the world.
Based on the excerpt, the impact that Native Americans ultimately had on the rest of the world was that their crops influenced people's diets in many different regions around the world.
After 1769, the life of the California natives [Native Americans] who came in contact with the Spanish was reshaped by the mission fathers, not the townspeople of the pueblos or the soldiers of the presidios. The Franciscans came to California not merely to convert the tribes to Christianity but to train them for life in a European colonial society. Conversion was seldom an entirely voluntary process, and converts (neophytes) were not left to return to their old ways but were required to live in the walled mission enclosure or on rancherías, separate settlements sponsored by missions although located some distance from the mission proper. There they were taught Spanish as well as the tenets of their new religion and trained in skills that would fit them for their new lives: brickmaking and construction, raising cattle and horses, blacksmithing, weaving, tanning hides, etc.
—Library of Congress
Question
Use the passage to answer the question.
Inferring from this text, why might the Spanish have felt it important to train the natives of California for a “European colonial society”?
(1 point)
Responses
to make it easier to govern the Native Americans
to prevent the Native Americans from leaving
to make the Native Americans equals in all colonial societies
to spread European beliefs and language
Based on the passage, the Spanish might have felt it important to train the natives of California for a "European colonial society" to make it easier to govern the Native Americans.
What was a primary challenge faced by the Jamestown colonists during the first few years?
(1 point)
Responses
They chose an unsecure location, making it easy for the Spanish to find them.
They lacked knowledge about the land and how to use their environment to survive.
They faced fierce trading competition from the French and Dutch.
All of the crops they grew had to be shipped back to King James in England.
A primary challenge faced by the Jamestown colonists during the first few years was that they lacked knowledge about the land and how to use their environment to survive.
France took the lead in colonizing the Upper Midwest region. From the early sixteenth century on, French soldiers, missionaries and fur traders left their slight mark upon the St. Lawrence valley, the upper Great Lakes and points west. For the early French explorers, the more continent they discovered the more their hopes were frustrated. They had hoped that the vast St. Lawrence-Great Lakes waterway was part of a Northwest Passage to the wealth of the Orient. The French presence was asserted by a network of forts, trading posts and missions dotting the lake and river routes traversing the continental interior.
—Library of Congress
Question
Use the passage to answer the question.
Based on your text and this reading, why was land near water so important for French settlers?
(1 point)
Responses
Settlers relied on water routes for transportation.
Settlers used water routes to hunt for food.
Settlers depended on water from rivers and lakes for their crops.
Settlers continued to look for a Northwest Passage across the continent.
Based on the passage, land near water was important for French settlers because settlers relied on water routes for transportation.
What was one major similarity that Spanish, Dutch, French, and English settlements had in common relative to the relations with Native Americans?
(1 point)
Responses
All relied on Native Americans for fur trading.
All respected their way of life and religious beliefs.
All established missions where Native Americans could live and work.
All believed they were superior to Native Americans.
One major similarity that Spanish, Dutch, French, and English settlements had in common relative to the relations with Native Americans is that all believed they were superior to Native Americans.
Which of the following were effects of Pizarro’s and Cortes’s defeat of Native Americans? Select all that apply.
(1 point)
Responses
settlement and colonization of Florida under Spanish rule
inspiration for other Europeans to begin explorations and settlement
settlement and colonization in the Southwest under Spanish rule
fighting between the Spanish and the French
The effects of Pizarro's and Cortes's defeat of Native Americans include settlement and colonization of Florida under Spanish rule, inspiration for other Europeans to begin explorations and settlement, and settlement and colonization in the Southwest under Spanish rule. It does not include fighting between the Spanish and the French.
ESSAY
The late 1400s through the early 1600s was a time of exploration and early settlement of several European colonies. Each European country had different reasons for their exploration and settlement, but all encountered Native Americans during their exploration, growth, and development. Write a paragraph that compares and contrasts the relationships of the Native Americans with at least two of the European groups. Those groups include the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English. Using all four groups are not necessary for full credit.
(4 points)