Which of the following is the role of supporting details in a text?
1. To show the reader how to find more details about the topic in other texts
2. To help the reader understand the central idea
3. To give information about topics related to the main topic
4. To give the authors opinion about a topic
The correct answer is 3. To give information about topics related to the main topic. Supporting details provide additional information, examples, and evidence to support and expand upon the central idea or main topic of a text. They help to clarify and develop the main idea, making it more understandable and convincing to the reader.
Use the paragraph to answer the question.
One impressive cave system is the lava tube caves of lava beds national monument. The caves provide a safe habitat for millions of bats. in order to visit the caves, visitors must be screened for white-nose syndrome. It is a disease that is fatal to bats.
Which option best identifies the central idea of the paragraph?
(1 point)
1. The lava tube caves are part of a cave system that provides homes for millions of bats.
2. Visitors must be screened for white-nose syndrome before visiting the caves.
3. Lava tube caves are found in a national monument.
4. The caves are a safe habitat.
The central idea of the paragraph is option 1. "The lava tube caves are part of a cave system that provides homes for millions of bats." This is supported by the information that the caves provide a safe habitat for bats. The other options either provide specific details that support the central idea (option 2) or provide background information about the location of the caves (option 3) or the safety of the habitat (option 4). However, the main focus of the paragraph is on the caves being a habitat for bats.
When you tell the most important part of a text, what are you identifying?
1. The first sentence.
2. Facts and events.
3. The central idea.
4. The supporting details.
The correct answer is 3. The central idea. When you identify the most important part of a text, you are identifying the central idea. The central idea is the main point or main topic that the text is conveying to the reader. It can be thought of as the "big idea" or main message of the text.
Use the paragraph to answer the question.
About 1.5 million species of fungi exist on Earth. They act as natures decomposers. these organisms break down matter and release enzymes and acids that unlock nutrients for plants and soil organisms. You may be familiar with macrofungi, a type of fungus that includes mushrooms. But for the most part, fungi exist mycelia, tiny threads that snake underground in billions of interconnected threads. they twist and twine with tree root systems, helping tress obtain crucial nutrients, Mycologists call these networks of mycelia "Earths nervous system."
Which system best identifies the central idea of the paragraph?
1. The type of fungus called macrofungi includes mushrooms.
2. Fungi exist as a web of threads connected underground.
3. Fungi bring nutrients to tree root systems when they twine with them underground.
4.Earths many species of fungi act as decomposers of matter.
The central idea of the paragraph is option 4. "Earths many species of fungi act as decomposers of matter." This is supported by the information that fungi break down matter and release enzymes and acids that unlock nutrients for plants and soil organisms. The other options provide specific details that contribute to the overall understanding of fungi, but they are not the main focus or main message of the paragraph.
1. When writing a summary, what does it mean to be objective?
A. to rewrite your own words
B. to leave out personal opinions
C. to keep statements brief
D. to include only the most important details.
2. Use the paragraph to answer the question.
The platypus is an Australian mammal that does not fall neatly into a classification. It is one of only two mammals (the other being the echidna) that bear young by laying eggs. In some respects, the platypus resembles a duck; both have webbed feet and bills. The platypus has a tail like a beaver’s and a furry body similar to an otter’s. Its unusual hybrid of body parts makes it well-suited for its largely aquatic life. The platypus uses its webbed feet to paddle through water, and its tail serves as a kind of rudder for steering. While underwater, the platypus uses its bill to scoop up bits of food, such as insects and shellfish, from the water’s bottom. The platypus also scoops up bits of gravel, which grind up the food, as the platypus is toothless. The platypus stores the food and gravel in its cheeks until it reaches the water’s surface. Once the platypus surfaces, it consumes its meal.
Which idea from the paragraph is important to include in a summary?
A. The platypus is a rare type of mammal that bears its young by laying eggs.
B. The platypus paddles through water.
C. The platypus collects food such as insects and shellfish.
D. The platypus is a fascinating animal.
3. What should summaries always include?
A. main idea and writer's thoughts and feelings
B. main idea and important details
C. important details and the writer's opinions
D. important details and interesting details
4. Use the paragraph to answer the question.
While the invention of the steamboat is often attributed to American inventor Robert Fulton, credit should really go to John Fitch. Fitch built four steamboats in the late eighteenth century. These boats traveled successfully on lakes and rivers and proved that steam could be used to propel boats. Fitch’s boats included more traditional elements as well, such as paddle wheels and screw propellers. By blending tried and true methods of propulsion with new technology, Fitch created functioning steamboats. He forfeited his place in American memory due not to any mechanical failings, but to financial ones. His production and operating costs were too high to make steam travel economically feasible. As a result, many people have forgotten his role in the invention of the steamboat. It wasn’t until after his death that Robert Fulton created a commercially successful steamboat and became known as “the father of steam navigation.”
Which of the following sentences should be included in a summary of the text?
A. John Fitch combined old methods of constructing boats with new technology to create the first steamboats.
B. It wasn’t until after his death that Robert Fulton created a commercially successful steamboat and became known as “the father of steam navigation.”
C. Fitch's boats cost too much to make.
D. I think that it would be fun to ride on a steamboat someday.
1. When writing a summary, being objective means to leave out personal opinions (option B).
2. The idea that is important to include in a summary is A. The platypus is a rare type of mammal that bears its young by laying eggs. This is the main piece of information that distinguishes the platypus from other mammals mentioned in the paragraph.
3. Summaries should always include the main idea and important details (option B). Summaries are meant to provide a concise overview of the main points and supporting details of a text.
4. The sentence that should be included in a summary of the text is option A. John Fitch combined old methods of constructing boats with new technology to create the first steamboats. This sentence captures the main idea of Fitch's contribution to the invention of the steamboat. The other options either provide additional details (option B) or include the writer's opinion (option D), which are not necessary in a summary.
1. Which type of connection shows how ideas are similar or different?(1 point)
A. problem and solution
B. cause and effect
C. comparison and contrast
D. chronological order
2. Use the sentence to answer the question.
Like real coral reefs, artificial reefs create homes for marine life.
Which two things are compared in this sentence?
A. homes and artificial marine life
B. real coral reefs and marine life
C. artificial reefs and homes
D. real coral reefs and artificial reefs
3. Use the sentences to answer the question.
Large waves cause erosion of shorelines. Seawalls constructed of concrete can protect shorelines from this erosion.
Which type of connection is made between the ideas in these sentences?
A. problem and solution
B. cause and effect
C. description
D. contrast
4. Use the sentence to answer the question.
Although his younger students greeted the new practice with enthusiasm, the “old guard” had staked their reputations on the belief in miasmas.
Which type of connection does the author make between the ideas in this sentence?
A. contrast
B. cause and effect
C. problem and solution
D. comparison
1. The type of connection that shows how ideas are similar or different is C. comparison and contrast. This kind of connection highlights similarities and differences between ideas, concepts, or objects.
2. The two things compared in the sentence are D. real coral reefs and artificial reefs. The sentence states that artificial reefs create homes for marine life, similar to how real coral reefs create homes for marine life.
3. The type of connection made between the ideas in these sentences is B. cause and effect. The first sentence states that large waves cause erosion of shorelines, and the second sentence suggests that seawalls constructed of concrete can protect shorelines from this erosion.
4. The type of connection the author makes between the ideas in this sentence is A. contrast. The sentence contrasts the enthusiasm of the younger students with the skepticism or reluctance of the "old guard" who believed in miasmas.
!. Which of the following describes a context clue?
A. dictionary definitions of words included in a text to help the reader understand their meaning
B. information in a text that helps the reader understand the meaning of a word
C. descriptions in a text that help the reader picture what the author is describing
D. phrases in a text that have a meaning other than their literal meanings
2. Use the sentences to answer the question.
Timothy ran inside and slammed the door behind him. He held an umbrella, but his clothes were wet. "It's raining cats and dogs out there!" he yelled at no one in particular.
Which statement describes the meaning of the phrase "raining cats and dogs"?
A. Cats and dogs are running from the rain.
B. The rain is about to stop.
C. It is raining very hard.
D. Cats and dogs are playing in the rain.
3. Which literal statement explains what someone means when they say "It's late. I need to hit the hay"?
A. Time is flying and I need to rush.
B. I arrived late and need to mow the grass.
C. Time is running out to harvest the straw.
D. I am really tired and want to go to sleep.
4. Which of the following describes the relationship between an idiomatic phrase and a literal phrase?
A. An idiomatic phrase presents non-literal language that influences the connotation of the literal phrase.
B. A literal phrase indirectly states the meaning of an idiomatic phrase.
C. A literal phrase is the straightforward language that interprets the figurative meaning of an idiomatic phrase.
D. An idiomatic phrase restates the meaning of a literal phrase to make it easier for a reader to understand.
5. Use the sentences to answer the question.
A student is trying to understand the meaning of an unfamiliar word in a paragraph. The paragraph does not contain any examples of figurative language, and the student has already identified the unfamiliar word as a noun.
Which strategy would work best in order for the student to define the word?
A. Identify idioms.
B. Look for context clues.
C. Determine the part of speech.
D. Examine sentence logic.
1. A context clue is described as B. information in a text that helps the reader understand the meaning of a word. Context clues can be words, phrases, or sentences that provide hints or clues about the definition or meaning of an unfamiliar word.
2. The statement that describes the meaning of the phrase "raining cats and dogs" is C. It is raining very hard. In this context, the phrase "raining cats and dogs" is an idiom that means heavy or intense rain.
3. The literal statement that explains what someone means when they say "It's late. I need to hit the hay" is D. I am really tired and want to go to sleep. In this context, "hit the hay" is an idiom that means going to bed or going to sleep.
4. The relationship between an idiomatic phrase and a literal phrase is described as A. An idiomatic phrase presents non-literal language that influences the connotation of the literal phrase. Idiomatic phrases are expressions that have a figurative or symbolic meaning different from their literal meaning.
5. The strategy that would work best for the student to define the unfamiliar word is B. Look for context clues. By examining the surrounding words, sentences, or paragraphs, the student can gather information from the context to infer the meaning of the unfamiliar word.
1. True or False:
Primary emotions are learned.
A. true
B. false
2. Students often pick on Tito, but he says that this behavior is a sign that the other students like him. What defense mechanism is Tito displaying?
A. regression
B. denial
C. compensation
D. rationalization
3. True or False:
You feel anger not only mentally and emotionally, but also physically.
A. true
B. false
1. Which of the following defense mechanisms is Marissa using when she says “So what if I broke her stupid toy? She’s always bothering me when I want to play video games and no one should have to put up with that all the time.”
A. compensation
B. denial
C. reaction formation
D. projection
5. What is NOT a healthy way to deal with anger?
A. Run around the block a few times.
B. Yell at the person who made you angry.
C. Accept your feelings.
D. Remember what made you angry this time so you can avoid it in the future.
1. False - Primary emotions are not learned. They are innate and universally experienced emotions.
2. D. rationalization - Tito is using rationalization as a defense mechanism by justifying the negative behavior towards him by believing it is a sign of liking.
3. A. true - Anger can be experienced not only mentally and emotionally, but also physically with physiological responses such as increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure.
4. D. projection - Marissa is using projection as a defense mechanism by attributing her own negative feelings and actions onto someone else.
5. B. Yell at the person who made you angry - Yelling at the person who made you angry is not considered a healthy way to deal with anger. It is important to find constructive ways to express and manage anger, such as through assertive communication, problem-solving, or finding healthy outlets for releasing anger like exercise or journaling.