In at least 2 complete sentences, describe the role of ATP in cellular metabolism.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the main energy currency in cellular metabolism. It provides the energy necessary for most cellular processes, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction. ATP molecules are broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate when energy is needed, and the release of this energy powers various cellular activities.
who is feanor
Fëanor is a fictional character from J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium, specifically in the "Silmarillion" and "The Children of Húrin." He is a prominent elf, one of the Elves of the First Age, known for his exceptional skill in craftsmanship and his creation of the most prized jewels, the Silmarils. Fëanor is depicted as a complex and tragic figure, driven by his oath to recover the Silmarils, which leads to conflict and ultimately his downfall.
the oath of feanor
The Oath of Fëanor was a binding vow undertaken by Fëanor and his sons in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium. Fëanor, driven by his desire to reclaim the stolen Silmarils, swore a solemn oath to pursue anyone who possessed them, even the Valar and the other Elves, and to take vengeance upon them. This oath, characterized by its strong language and passionate commitment, ultimately brought doom and tragedy upon Fëanor and his followers, leading to wars and the eventual downfall of their kingdom.
which hand did maedhros loose
Maedhros, one of the sons of Fëanor in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium, lost his right hand. After being captured by Morgoth, the dark lord of Middle-earth, Maedhros was bound by a chain to the face of the mountain Thangorodrim. In his desperation, he cut off his hand to free himself and was thereafter known as Maedhros the One-handed.
describe each of the 7 sons of feanor
Fëanor, a prominent elf in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium, had seven sons known as the Sons of Fëanor. Here is a brief description of each son:
1. Maedhros: The eldest son and leader of the group, Maedhros was a skilled warrior and diplomat. He was known for his noble character and sense of honor, though he also bore the burden of guilt for his role in the disastrous events that unfolded due to the Oath of Fëanor.
2. Maglor: Renowned for his musical talent and skill in playing the harp, Maglor was considered the most sorrowful of the brothers. He was the last to possess one of the Silmarils and was eventually consumed by guilt for the atrocities committed in their pursuit.
3. Celegorm: Known for his hunting skills and princely demeanor, Celegorm was a charismatic and physically strong son of Fëanor. He was known for his loyalty to his family and often acted as a mediator among his siblings.
4. Caranthir: Caranthir was characterized by his quick temper and impulsive nature. He had a fiery personality, but his heart was also touched by maintaining justice. He took pride in his power and his fortress in Thargelion.
5. Curufin: Curufin was the most skilled craftsman among his brothers and inherited his father's craftsmanship and inventiveness. He was cunning and known for his silver tongue, often using his persuasive skills to achieve his goals.
6. Amrod and Amras: The twin brothers Amrod and Amras were the youngest of the Sons of Fëanor. Though they played smaller roles in the narrative, they were considered loyal and valiant, often accompanying their brothers in battles and quests.
Each son played a distinct role in the complex story of the Silmarillion, contributing to the tragic fate that befell their family due to the Oath of Fëanor.
how did feanor and his sons die
Fëanor, the prominent elf and his sons in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium, met tragic ends. Fëanor himself was slain during an epic battle against Morgoth's forces, defending the Silmarils. He died without ever achieving his ultimate goal of regaining the jewels he had crafted.
As for his sons:
1. Maedhros: He also died in battle against the enemy forces while trying to regain the Silmarils. After realizing the destructive nature of the Oath, he threw himself and the last remaining Silmaril into a fiery chasm, ending his life.
2. Maglor: Consumed by guilt for his role in the atrocities committed by the Sons of Fëanor, Maglor wandered alone along the shores of Middle-earth. Eventually, he threw the remaining Silmaril into the sea and was left to wander the world, forever tormented.
3. Celegorm and Curufin: They died defending the Elven stronghold of Nargothrond against the forces of Morgoth. Their attempt to seize the ruling power there resulted in their deaths.
4. Caranthir: He died earlier than his brothers, slain by Dior, the son of Beren and Lúthien, during an ill-fated attempt to take the Silmaril by force.
5. Amrod and Amras: The youngest brothers met their end before the events described in most of Tolkien's tales, during an accidental kinslaying incident involving their cousin's people, the Teleri.
The fate of Fëanor and his sons was ultimately marked by tragedy, driven by their obsession with the Silmarils and the repercussions of the Oath they had sworn.
how did gil galad die
Gil-galad, a prominent character in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium, met his end during the War of the Last Alliance. He died in battle alongside Elendil, the High King of the Dúnedain, during their final confrontation against Sauron. In the epic battle, known as the Siege of Barad-dûr, both Gil-galad and Elendil fought against Sauron himself. However, they eventually fell under the weight of Sauron's power, and their defeat marked the end of the war and the last stand of the Elves and Men against the Dark Lord.
All life on Earth is carbon based. Our carbon basis allows for the formation of complex molecules. Pick TWO of the four groups of complex carbon based molecules (macromolecules) and for each:
a) describe the structural components of the molecule group.
b) describe the main function of the group
c) give two examples of molecules that belong to each of the groups that you chose.
d) give the monomer
One group of complex carbon-based macromolecules is proteins.
a) Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids. Amino acids are small organic molecules consisting of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side chain (R group) attached to a central carbon atom. The R group varies and determines the unique properties of each amino acid.
b) Proteins have diverse functions, including serving as enzymes, structural components, transporters, and signaling molecules. They play crucial roles in cellular processes, such as metabolism, growth, and immune response.
c) Examples of proteins include hemoglobin (responsible for oxygen transport in blood) and collagen (providing structural support to connective tissues in the body).
d) The monomers of proteins are amino acids.
Another group of complex carbon-based macromolecules is nucleic acids.
a) Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine in DNA, and uracil in RNA).
b) Nucleic acids' main function is the storage and transmission of genetic information. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the hereditary information, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) participates in protein synthesis and gene expression.
c) Examples of nucleic acids include DNA, which carries the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms, and RNA, involved in protein synthesis and various regulatory processes.
d) The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides.