Which situation is the BEST example of inertia?
Responses
A An old lady uses a walker and is able to cross the street.An old lady uses a walker and is able to cross the street.
B A rocket thrusts its boosters and lifts off the launching pad.A rocket thrusts its boosters and lifts off the launching pad.
C A rock is thrown vertically up in the air and it falls back to the earth.A rock is thrown vertically up in the air and it falls back to the earth.
D You go down a steep roller coaster and it feels like your stomach is going up into your throat.You go down a steep roller coaster and it feels like your stomach is going up into your throat.
B A rocket thrusts its boosters and lifts off the launching pad.
A roller coaster begins at the top of a hill. If it accelerates at the rate of 2 m/s2
and has a mass of 2000 kg, what net force is acting on it? (F=ma)
Responses
A 0.001 N0.001 N
B 0.5 N0.5 N
C 1000 N1000 N
D 4000 N
The correct answer is C) 1000 N. According to Newton's second law of motion (F=ma), the net force acting on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration. Therefore, the net force acting on the roller coaster is given by F = (2000 kg)(2 m/s^2) = 4000 N.
If there are 4 grams of product produced by the chemical reaction, how many grams of reactant were consumed?
Responses
A 0 grams0 grams
B 1 gram1 gram
C 2 grams2 grams
D 4 grams
The correct answer is D) 4 grams. In a chemical reaction, the law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed. Therefore, the mass of reactants consumed must be equal to the mass of products produced. Since 4 grams of product were produced, 4 grams of reactant must have been consumed.
Jacob floated a long steel sewing needle on a small piece of cork in a glass of water. He noticed that as he turned the glass around, the cork and needle continued to point toward his backyard. Even after he turned the small floating cork around gently, the needle finally pointed toward the backyard. What is the MOST LIKELY conclusion Jacob will draw?
Responses
A There is a large magnet in the backyard.There is a large magnet in the backyard.
B Jacob’s backyard is on the north side of his house.Jacob’s backyard is on the north side of his house.
C The backyard is downhill from where Jacob is standing.The backyard is downhill from where Jacob is standing.
D A gentle breeze is causing the needle to point toward the backyard.
The MOST LIKELY conclusion Jacob will draw is B) Jacob's backyard is on the north side of his house. This is because the needle is pointing consistently towards his backyard regardless of how the glass is turned. This suggests that the needle is aligning itself with the Earth's magnetic field, which is typically oriented towards the north pole. Therefore, Jacob's backyard is most likely on the north side of his house.
Ms. Crawford gave the following instructions to her science class:
• Place an empty water bottle on the table and remove the lid. Carefully pour 10 ml of vinegar into the bottle.
• Open up the mouth of the balloon and have you lab partner spoon 1 teaspoon of baking soda into the balloon.
• Without spilling any of the baking soda, stretch the mouth of the balloon over the mouth of the bottle.
• Turn the balloon completely upright so that the baking soda inside the balloon pours into the bottle with the vinegar. Watch!
The baking soda looked like it dissolved in the vinegar. Sarah and Connor watched as the balloon expanded and filled with a gas. Was this a physical or chemical reaction and why?
Responses
A chemical - gas producedchemical - gas produced
B physical - water bottle got hotphysical - water bottle got hot
C physical - baking soda dissolvedphysical - baking soda dissolved
D chemical - baking soda disappeared
The reaction described in the scenario is a chemical reaction. This is because a new substance is formed in the process, which is the gas produced that fills the balloon. The reaction between the vinegar (which contains acetic acid) and the baking soda (which contains sodium bicarbonate) produces carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt. The formation of the gas is evidence of a chemical reaction taking place. Therefore, the correct answer is A) chemical - gas produced.
The Smith family is travelling in their car at 50 km/h due east. Mr. Smith is using cruise control to maintain a constant speed. Describe the net force acting on the Smith car.
Responses
A Net force equals zero.Net force equals zero.
B Net forces are unbalanced.Net forces are unbalanced.
C Net force is positive and to the east.Net force is positive and to the east.
D There is no way to determine net force.
The net force acting on the Smith car is A) Net force equals zero. Since the car is traveling at a constant speed in a straight line with cruise control on, there is no change in velocity. According to Newton's first law of motion, objects at a constant velocity have a net force of zero. Therefore, there is no net force acting on the car.
Salt is added to water. You speed up dissolving by stirring the salt into the water. Then your teacher challenges you to separate the salt from the water. You know that the salt and water have formed a solution and that the salt is distributed throughout the glass of water.
What would be the BEST way to separate the salt and the water?
Responses
A Collect the salt as it floats in the water.Collect the salt as it floats in the water.
B Heat the solution to boiling and evaporate off the water.Heat the solution to boiling and evaporate off the water.
C Spin the solution at a high speed to separate out the salt.Spin the solution at a high speed to separate out the salt.
D Pour the solution through filter paper to filter out the salt.
The BEST way to separate the salt and water in this scenario would be to choose D) Pour the solution through filter paper to filter out the salt. Filtration is an effective method for separating substances based on their particle size. In this case, the salt particles are larger than the water molecules, so they can be trapped by the filter paper while the water passes through. This process allows for the separation of the solid salt from the liquid water.
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Oscar and Jeffrey are running along a path. They are each pushing a cart loaded with rocks. Oscar's wagon has a mass two times greater than Jeffrey's wagon. They want to stay together and arrive at their destination at the same time. In order for them to arrive together, what must happen?
Responses
A Jeffrey should slow down so Oscar can catch up.Jeffrey should slow down so Oscar can catch up.
B Oscar must use half as much force to push his cart.Oscar must use half as much force to push his cart.
C Oscar must use twice as much force to push his cart.Oscar must use twice as much force to push his cart.
D Oscar and Jeffrey will use the same force, but Oscar will take bigger steps.
In order for Oscar and Jeffrey to arrive together at their destination, they must use the same amount of force to push their carts. This means that the correct answer is D) Oscar and Jeffrey will use the same force, but Oscar will take bigger steps. By taking bigger steps, Oscar can cover more distance with each step and keep up with Jeffrey despite his wagon having a greater mass.
Brad and Erin decide to have a tug of war contest. Erin pulls the rope with all her might and so does Brad. Sadly, Brad only pulls with half the force that Erin pulls with. Sarah is watching and waiting for her turn.
Since the forces are unbalanced the rope will move towards Erin. Using Newton's first law of motion as a model, explain how Brad could keep from losing the tug of war.
Responses
A Ask Erin to let go of the rope.Ask Erin to let go of the rope.
B Make the rope longer so Brad can get a better grip.Make the rope longer so Brad can get a better grip.
C Let Sarah, who pulls just as hard as Brad, team up with him to pull the rope together.Let Sarah, who pulls just as hard as Brad, team up with him to pull the rope together.
D Let Sarah, who pulls just as hard as Brad, team up with Erin to pull the rope together.
To keep from losing the tug of war, Brad could let Sarah, who pulls just as hard as him, team up with him to pull the rope together. This would allow them to exert a combined force that is equal to Erin's force. According to Newton's first law of motion, an object at rest or in motion will remain at rest or in motion with the same velocity unless acted upon by an external force. By teaming up with Sarah, Brad is able to balance out the forces and prevent the rope from moving towards Erin. Therefore, the correct answer is D) Let Sarah, who pulls just as hard as Brad, team up with Erin to pull the rope together.
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Mrs. Adams' class decides to try an experiment. She rubs a blown up balloon on Sandy's head. After this, she takes the balloon and places it on the side of the wall, where it sticks, instead of falling to the ground. Also, Sandy's hair is now sticking almost straight out.
What is the reason the balloon is now sticking to the wall?
Responses
A The balloon has a static electric charge from rubbing Sandy's hair.The balloon has a static electric charge from rubbing Sandy's hair.
B The wall has been electrically charged and so attracts the balloon.The wall has been electrically charged and so attracts the balloon.
C The balloon lost its static electric charge by rubbing Sandy's hair.The balloon lost its static electric charge by rubbing Sandy's hair.
D The balloon would have stuck to the wall whether or not it was rubbed on Sandy's hair.
The reason the balloon is now sticking to the wall is because the balloon has a static electric charge from rubbing Sandy's hair. When two objects rub against each other, they can transfer electrons and become electrically charged. In this case, when Mrs. Adams rubbed the balloon on Sandy's hair, the balloon gained electrons and became negatively charged. The wall, which is typically neutrally charged, becomes attracted to the charged balloon and the opposite charges cause the balloon to stick to the wall. Therefore, the correct answer is A) The balloon has a static electric charge from rubbing Sandy's hair.
Jermaine and Lashonda each rub their dry hair with inflated balloons. While doing this, the other students notice that their hair is starting to stick straight out.
Next, the teacher takes the balloons and places them right next to one another. However, the balloons will not stay next to each other, as they normally would. Instead, they spring apart in opposite directions.
Explain what is causing these balloons to push each other away.
Responses
A There must be a vent in the classroom blowing the two balloons apart.There must be a vent in the classroom blowing the two balloons apart.
B They have each gained negative charge from the hair rubbing, and like charges repel each other.They have each gained negative charge from the hair rubbing, and like charges repel each other.
C They have each gained negative charge from the hair rubbing, and like charges attract each other.They have each gained negative charge from the hair rubbing, and like charges attract each other.
D The rubber balloons are simply bouncing off each other the way a rubber ball bounces off the floor.
The reason the balloons push each other away is because they have each gained a negative charge from the hair rubbing, and like charges repel each other. When Jermaine and Lashonda rubbed their dry hair with the inflated balloons, they transferred electrons and became negatively charged. Like charges repel each other, so when the balloons are brought close together, the negative charges on each balloon cause them to push away from each other. Therefore, the correct answer is B) They have each gained negative charge from the hair rubbing, and like charges repel each other.
A teacher listed the following two processes.
• Process 1: water changing to ice in a freezer
• Process 2: steam coming out of a kettle filled with hot of water
Which table correctly identifies the change of state taking place in each example?
Responses
A
Process Phase Change
1 Liquid to gas
2 Liquid to gasProcess Phase Change 1 Liquid to gas 2 Liquid to gas
B
Process Phase Change
1 Liquid to gas
2 Liquid to solidProcess Phase Change 1 Liquid to gas 2 Liquid to solid
C
Process Phase Change
1 Liquid to gas
2 Gas to liquidProcess Phase Change 1 Liquid to gas 2 Gas to liquid
D
Process Phase Change
1 Liquid to solid
2 Liquid to gas
The correct table that identifies the change of state taking place in each example is:
C)
Process Phase Change
1 Liquid to gas
2 Gas to liquid
In Process 1, water changing to ice in a freezer, the change of state is from liquid to solid (not liquid to gas). In Process 2, steam coming out of a kettle filled with hot water, the change of state is from gas to liquid (not liquid to solid).
A solution is a homogeneous mixture. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. The solution more or less takes on the characteristics of the solvent including its phase (gas, liquid, or solid).
Identify the Gas-Liquid solution.
Responses
A metal alloymetal alloy
B carbon dioxide in sodacarbon dioxide in soda
C airair
D gasoline
The Gas-Liquid solution is C) air. Air is a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases, which are all in the gas phase. So, air is an example of a gas-liquid solution.
Which would best be explained using Newton's Third Law?
Responses
A A gun moves backward while firing a bullet.A gun moves backward while firing a bullet.
B A bicyclist coasts down from the top of a hill.A bicyclist coasts down from the top of a hill.
C A car stops short and the passenger moves forward.A car stops short and the passenger moves forward.
D A larger engine allows a car to accelerate faster.
The best example that can be explained using Newton's Third Law is A) A gun moves backward while firing a bullet. Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When a gun is fired, the force propelling the bullet forward also generates an equal and opposite force pushing the gun backward. This demonstrates the principle of action and reaction forces working in pairs.
When Holly injures her shoulder playing baseball, she uses an instant ice pack to reduce the swelling. She breaks the inner, activator portion of the instant cold pack releasing the solid urea into the surrounding water. What process does Holly observe as she uses the cold pack?
Responses
A Urea absorbs and releases heat energy into the surroundings.Urea absorbs and releases heat energy into the surroundings.
B When the urea dissolves it absorbs heat and the cold pack gets colder.When the urea dissolves it absorbs heat and the cold pack gets colder.
C The urea causes the surroundings heat up as the cold pack releases energy.The urea causes the surroundings heat up as the cold pack releases energy.
D As the urea mixes in the water it releases heat making the cold pack colder.As the urea mixes in the water it releases heat making the cold pack colder.
The process that Holly observes when using the cold pack is B) When the urea dissolves it absorbs heat and the cold pack gets colder. When the inner, activator portion of the instant cold pack is broken, the solid urea is released into the surrounding water. As the urea dissolves in the water, it undergoes an endothermic reaction, which means it absorbs heat from the surroundings. This heat is taken from the surrounding water, making the water and the cold pack colder. Therefore, the correct answer is B) When the urea dissolves it absorbs heat and the cold pack gets colder.
Experimental designs produce results that contain either quantitative data or qualitative data. Which scenario below produces qualitative data?
Responses
A Tim conducts an experiment in which he sees how many fish he can catch by varying the time of day he goes fishing. He fishes on the same boat in the same spot each day for one week. Each day he varies the time he comes out by one hour. He records how many fish he catches each day and analyzes his data.Tim conducts an experiment in which he sees how many fish he can catch by varying the time of day he goes fishing. He fishes on the same boat in the same spot each day for one week. Each day he varies the time he comes out by one hour. He records how many fish he catches each day and analyzes his data.
B Sean notices that his mood is different based on the color of shirt he wears. He decides to conduct an experiment in which he wears a black, red, blue and yellow shirt each day and records his mood in one of four categories: sad/angry/happy/indifferent. He does this for 5 days in each color and records his results.Sean notices that his mood is different based on the color of shirt he wears. He decides to conduct an experiment in which he wears a black, red, blue and yellow shirt each day and records his mood in one of four categories: sad/angry/happy/indifferent. He does this for 5 days in each color and records his results.
C Brooke notices that her performance at work is increased when she drinks coffee in the morning. She decides to test her theory by seeing how many emails she can answer in one day. She answers emails for 5 days without drinking coffee and then answers emails for 5 days after drinking coffee on her way to work. She records her answered emails in a data table and compares her results.Brooke notices that her performance at work is increased when she drinks coffee in the morning. She decides to test her theory by seeing how many emails she can answer in one day. She answers emails for 5 days without drinking coffee and then answers emails for 5 days after drinking coffee on her way to work. She records her answered emails in a data table and compares her results.
D John is using a hair product to help his hair grow. He decides to conduct an experiment on himself and 3 other participants using this hair product. He wants to test the amount of product applied to see how long it takes for one inch of hair to grow. He applies one ounce to himself, two ounces to friend A, and three ounces to friend B. His third friend gets no product. After one inch of hair grows, he records the time it took in days.