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Rolinda’s first five Spanish test scores are 85, 85, 60, 62, and 59.
a. Find the mean, the median, and the mode of Rolinda’s Spanish test scores. Round your answers to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
b. Which of these measures best supports Rolinda’s claim that she is doing well in her Spanish class?
c. Why is Rolinda’s claim misleading?
a.
Mean:
To find the mean, we need to sum all the test scores and then divide by the number of scores.
85 + 85 + 60 + 62 + 59 = 351
Mean = 351 / 5 = 70.2
So, the mean of Rolinda’s Spanish test scores is 70.2.
Median:
To find the median, we need to arrange the scores in order from lowest to highest and then find the middle value.
59, 60, 62, 85, 85
Since we have an odd number of scores, the median is the middle score, which is 62.
So, the median of Rolinda’s Spanish test scores is 62.
Mode:
The mode is the most frequently occurring score.
In this case, there are two scores that occur most frequently, which are 85.
So, the mode of Rolinda’s Spanish test scores is 85.
b.
The best measure to support Rolinda’s claim that she is doing well in her Spanish class is the mean, because it takes into account all the scores and gives an average value.
c.
Rolinda’s claim is misleading because her scores are not consistent. They range from as high as 85 to as low as 59, which indicates that she may not be doing as well as she thinks. The mode being 85 and the median only being 62 suggest a skew in the data, with a few high scores bringing up the average.
A potato plant can reproduce asexually so that one potato can often give rise to many other potatoes. Strawberry plants can reproduce sexually. A potato plant puts a large amount of its energy into growing a tuber, which is the part that humans eat. The tuber can grow large and provide energy for the plant during the winter, or it can be used to grow new potato plants. A strawberry plant, on the other hand, puts much of its energy into growing flowers to attract insects that aid in pollination. After fertilization, the strawberry plant must then also grow seeds as well as fruit to attract animals that disperse the seeds. Based on this information, the asexually reproducing potato plant most likely devotes _______ to reproduction than the sexually reproducing strawberry plant.
a) more energy
b) fewer spores
c) less energy
d) more seeds
c) less energy
The Canadian lynx is a large wild cat that lives in the cold regions of Canada. The snowshoe hare is the main prey species that is hunted by the Canadian lynx. The snowshoe hare eats grass, fern, and leaves.If the population of Canadian lynx were to completely disappear, what would most likely happen to the food supply of the snowshoe hare?
a) The population of snowshoe hare would decrease, and there would be more food available.
b) The snowshoe hare would stop eating grass, so there would be less food available.
c) The snowshoe hare would start eating each other, so the food supply would not be affected.
d) The population of snowshoe hare would outgrow the food supply, so there would be less food available
a) The population of snowshoe hare would decrease, and there would be more food available.
If the Canadian lynx population completely disappears, the population of snowshoe hare would most likely increase, as there would be no predators hunting them. This would lead to a decrease in the food supply available to the snowshoe hare as the population would rise to exceed the carrying capacity of the environment.
An organism that contains two different alleles for a trait is said to be _______ for that trait.
a) recessive
b) heterozygous
c) dominant
d) homozygous
b) heterozygous.
Small differences between parents and offspring accumulate over time. This process
a) prevents parents from being able to care for their offspring.
b) makes it impossible for species to adapt to changes in their environment.
c) results in only one type of organism that has the exact same characteristics as its ancestors.
d) results in many different types of organisms with different characteristics from their ancestors.
d) results in many different types of organisms with different characteristics from their ancestors.
Small differences between parents and offspring, or mutations, accumulate over time and can lead to new traits in subsequent generations of organisms. This process is known as genetic variation, which can lead to the development of many different types of organisms with different characteristics from their ancestors. This process is crucial to the ability of species to adapt to changes in their environment. It also does not prevent parents from being able to care for their offspring.
A new predator is introduced into the ecosystem shown in the food web below. This predator feeds on bees and mice. How will this most likely affect the species in this ecosystem?
a) There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause an increase the black bear population and a decrease in the fox population.
b) There will be an increase in bees and mice which will cause an increase in the populations of both black bears and foxes.
c) There will be an increase in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the black bear population and an increase in the fox population.
d) There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the populations of both black bears and foxes
d) There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the populations of both black bears and foxes.
If a new predator feeds on bees and mice, there will be a decrease in the population of these two species. As a result, the populations of black bears and foxes who rely on these species for food will also decrease. This will disrupt the equilibrium in the ecosystem, and it may take some time for the remaining species to adapt and for a new equilibrium to be established.
Diagram 1 shows the fossilized remains of the lower portion of a camel's leg. Each subsequent diagram shows the same portion of a camel's leg, but the diagrams are from progressively later time periods. Diagram 4 shows the most recent fossil.
a) how fossil evidence cannot be used to support evolution.
b) that all living organisms have increased in size over time.
c) how fossil evidence can be used to show the evolution of a species over time.
d) that modern camels have more toes than earlier species of camels.
c) how fossil evidence can be used to show the evolution of a species over time.
The series of diagrams depicting different fossils of a camel's leg show a gradual change that reflects the evolution of the camel over time. These fossils are evidence that over time, a camel's leg has evolved structurally. Therefore, fossil evidence can be used to show the evolution of a species over time. The other options are not supported by the information provided.
Many animals, including the brittle star and snapping shrimp, make their homes inside sea sponges. Here, the animals not only find safe shelter, but also have a constant flow of well-oxygenated water, and may even eat the substance produced by the sponges. The sponges are not affected in any way by the presence of these animals.Which type of relationship does this represent?
a) parasitism
b) predator/prey
d) mutualism
c) commensalism
c) commensalism.
This type of relationship represents commensalism, which is a relationship between two species in which one species benefits and the other species is not affected. The animals benefit by finding shelter and having access to food and water, but the sponges are not affected in either a positive or negative way.
f there were no decomposers, which of the following would most likely happen?
a) Some plants might die due to a shortage of important nutrients.
b) The amount of dead plant and animal matter would decrease.
c) Plants and animals would remain living for a longer period of time.
d) Animals would start carrying out photosynthesis.
a) Some plants might die due to a shortage of important nutrients.
Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi play a critical role in breaking down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients like carbon and nitrogen, and making them available to other organisms. Without decomposers, dead organic matter would not be broken down, leading to a reduction in available nutrients. This can lead to some plants dying due to a shortage of important nutrients. Option b is incorrect because the amount of dead plant and animal matter would not decrease if decomposers are not present. Option c is incorrect because decomposers do not affect the lifespan of plants and animals. And option d is incorrect because animals do not have the ability to carry out photosynthesis.
The image below shows an aquatic food web. Which of the following describes how energy is transferred between the algae and the crustacean?
a) The algae and the crustacean both transfer energy to each other.
b) Energy is transferred from the crustacean to the algae.
d) Energy is transferred from the algae to the crustacean.
d) Energy is not transferred between the algae and the crustacean.
d) Energy is transferred from the algae to the crustacean.
In the given aquatic food web, energy is transferred from the algae to the crustacean. Algae (producers) produce their own energy from the sun through photosynthesis, and the crustacean get their energy by consuming algae. Therefore, the flow of energy is unidirectional, from the producers to the consumers, which is known as "bottom-up" energy transfer.
The genetic engineering of crops is a controversial and debated issue in the media and press. Which of the following would be an argument in favor of the genetic engineering of corn?
a) improved nutritional content
b) increased crop yields
c) reduction of pesticide use
d) all of these
d) all of these.
The genetic engineering of corn can result in several benefits, including but not limited to improved nutritional content, increased crop yields, and reduction of pesticide use. Therefore, all of these can be valid arguments in favor of genetic engineering of crops.
Which of the following is true of a parasitic relationship?
a) The parasite benefits, and the host is harmed; however, the host is not generally killed.
b) The parasite benefits, and the host is killed.
c) The parasite benefits for a time; however, both the parasite and the host eventually die as a result of the relationship.
d) The host benefits from the relationship, and the parasite is harmed.
a) The parasite benefits, and the host is harmed; however, the host is not generally killed.
A parasitic relationship is one in which one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of another organism, the host. In a parasitic relationship, the parasite benefits and the host is harmed, but the host is not necessarily killed. Instead, the host may experience decreased fitness, such as a reduction in reproductive success or growth.
Which of the following is a producer in the food web shown below?
a) ant
b) tadpole
c) sunlight
d) grass
d) grass.
In the given food web, grass is a producer as it is a photosynthetic organism that produces its own food from sunlight.
Both of Tim's parents have brown eyes, but Tim has blue eyes. How is this possible?
a) The characteristic (blue eyes) is carried in a recessive gene.
b) This characteristic (blue eyes) must be carried in the dominant gene.
c) Eye color is not a genetic trait.
d) all of these
a) The characteristic (blue eyes) is carried in a recessive gene.
This can happen if the genetic trait of blue eyes (which is a recessive trait) is carried by both of Tim's parents, but it is not expressed in either of the parents because they each have at least one dominant brown eye color allele that masks the recessive blue eye color allele. If both the parents are carriers for the recessive blue eye allele, there is a 25% chance that their child will have blue eyes, which is what happened in the case of Tim. Therefore, the characteristic of blue eyes must be carried within the recessive gene.
Over time, the climate of a region becomes cooler. How will this most likely affect the species living in that region?
a) Some species that already have or that develop cold-weather adaptations through natural selection will survive, while species without cold-weather adaptations may go extinct.
b) All of the current species living in the region will migrate to warmer areas, while species adapted to cold-weather climates will migrate into the region.
c) All of the current species living in the area will become extinct, and new species better adapted to the climate will form and populate the region.
d) Most of the current species living in the area will develop beneficial mutations, which will lead to adaptations that help them survive in the new climate.
a) Some species that already have or that develop cold-weather adaptations through natural selection will survive, while species without cold-weather adaptations may go extinct.
If the climate of a region becomes cooler over time, species living in that region will have to adapt to survive. Some animals may be able to adapt by developing cold-weather adaptations through natural selection, whereas others may not be able to adapt and may eventually become extinct. Therefore, the most likely scenario is that some species that already have or that develop cold-weather adaptations through natural selection will survive, while species without cold-weather adaptations may go extinct. Option b is incorrect because not all species are capable of migrating to warmer areas, and some may not be replaced by cold-weather species. And option c and option d are incorrect because evolution happens over a much longer period of time, and it is unlikely that all or most species living in the region would become extinct or develop beneficial mutations to adapt to the new climate.
Coyotes primarily feed on small mammals, such as rabbits, squirrels, birds, and mice. Many of these prey try to escape from coyotes by burrowing into the ground. Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be naturally selected to increase a coyote population's chances for survival over time?
a) sharper claws that aid in digging
b) blunt teeth that can be used for grinding
c) lighter colored fur that reflects light
d) smaller ears that are less sensitive to noise
a) sharper claws that aid in digging.
If many of the coyote's prey try to escape by burrowing into the ground, then the characteristic that would be most likely to increase the chances of survival for the coyote population over time is sharper claws that aid in digging. With sharper claws, coyotes will be more efficient at digging and catching prey that are hiding underground. Therefore, sharper claws are a beneficial trait that would be selected for over time through natural selection. The other options are not likely to improve a coyote's chances for survival in this situation.
Which of the following is a method of reproduction that generally occurs very rapidly?
a) hybridizing
b) sexual
c) asexual
d) germination
c) asexual.
Asexual reproduction is a method of reproduction in which a single individual produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself. Asexual reproduction typically occurs very rapidly since an individual can produce numerous offspring simultaneously without the need for a partner, a process known as "cloning". In contrast, sexual reproduction requires the union of gametes from two individuals, which can take a longer time to occur. Therefore, asexual reproduction is the method of reproduction that generally occurs very rapidly.
Many sponges can reproduce asexually. Ladybugs, on the other hand, reproduce sexually. When small bits of a sponge are broken off—often by currents or by predators—they can float to new regions and regenerate as new sponges. A ladybug must find a mate before it can reproduce. One disadvantage of the sponge's method of reproduction is that
a) it requires more energy.
b) its offspring have little genetic diversity.
c) its offspring have greater genetic diversity.
d) it must devote a greater portion of its life cycle to reproduction.
b) its offspring have little genetic diversity.
The disadvantage of the sponge's method of reproduction is that its offspring have little genetic diversity. Asexual reproduction involves the replication of an existing organism's genetic material, so that its offspring have almost identical genetic information to the parent. Therefore, the new sponges that regenerate from the small bits or fragments that break off from the parent will have little genetic diversity. In contrast, sexual reproduction results in greater genetic diversity among offspring since two parents with independent genetic material are needed to produce the offspring.
A widow's peak is a V-shaped area of the hairline in the center of the forehead. The allele for having a widow's peak is dominant to the allele for not having a widow's peak.If two parents do not have widow's peaks, what is the probability that their child will have a widow's peak?
a) 75%
b) 50%
c) 25%
d) 0
b) 50%.
If two parents do not have widow's peaks, they can still be heterozygous for the trait and carry one dominant allele and one recessive allele. If both parents are heterozygous, there is a 50% chance that their child will inherit the dominant allele and have a widow's peak. Therefore, the probability of their child having a widow's peak is 50%.
Evolution is a ______?
a) theory because it is an explanation that is supported by extensive observations, experimentation, and reasoning.
b) prediction because it makes an educated guess about events that will occur in the future
c) variable because it is a factor that can be changed during experimentation.
d) law because it has been proven without exception under certain stated conditions.
a) theory because it is an explanation that is supported by extensive observations, experimentation, and reasoning.
Evolution is considered a scientific theory, which means it is an explanation that is supported by extensive observations, experimentation, and reasoning. A scientific theory is not the same thing as a prediction or a variable. It is also not a law, which is a principle based on repeated experimental observations that describes an aspect
Some people have attached ear lobes and some people have free ear lobes. The differences in these traits are caused by
a) differences in environment.
b) differences in personality.
c) differences in diet.
d) differences in genes.
Some people have attached ear lobes and some people have free ear lobes. The differences in these traits are caused by
a) differences in environment.
b) differences in personality.
c) differences in diet.
d) differences in genes.