Molarity of standard sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (M):0.1960
Volume (mL) of the base used to titrate of the Unknown Acid:Trial #1 13.40 - Trial #2 13.65 - Trial #3 14.40 - Trial #414.00
A. What is the Normality of each trial?
B. Calculate the average Normality of the acid for the four titrations
C. Based on the statistical evaluation of your data, calculate the Normality of the unknown acid.
25 mL of unknown acid was used in each trial, not sure if this helps
I'm not sure how to answer this question. It is poorly worded and not all of it makes sense. Here is the best I can do under the circumstanaces.
A. The molarity of the NaOH, as stated, is 0.1960. The normality of NaOH is the same as the molarity of the NaOH solution.
B. Not sure what this means. Use mLacid x Nacid = mLbase x Nbase. For example
for trial #1, mLacid = 25.00, Nacid = ?, mL base = 13.40, Nbase = 0.1960. Do that for trial 1, trial 2, trial 3, and trial 4, then average the four final values. The average will be (sum N for the four trials/4) = ?
C. I don't know what statistical evaluation you are using.
To answer these questions, we need to understand the concepts of molarity, normality, and how to calculate average values.
A. To calculate the normality of each trial, we need to know the balanced equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the unknown acid. The normality is calculated by multiplying the molarity by the number of equivalents of the acid.
For example, if the balanced equation is:
NaOH + HX -> NaX + H2O
where NaX is a salt and H2O is water, and if the acid HX is monoprotic (meaning it donates only one hydrogen ion), then the normality is equal to the molarity. In this case, the normality of each trial would be 0.1960 N.
B. To calculate the average normality of the acid for the four titrations, simply find the average of the normality values obtained in all four trials. Add up the four normality values and divide by 4:
(0.1960 N + 0.1960 N + 0.1960 N + 0.1960 N) / 4 = 0.1960 N
The average normality of the acid for the four titrations is 0.1960 N.
C. To calculate the normality of the unknown acid based on statistical evaluation of data, we need more information. Statistical evaluation typically involves determining the standard deviation and confidence interval to assess the precision and accuracy of the data. With that additional information, we can calculate a more accurate normality value for the unknown acid.