What is the comparison between the original implementation of Federalism in the United States government and the New Federalism?
To compare the original implementation of Federalism in the United States government with the New Federalism, you would need to study and analyze the concepts, principles, and activities associated with each.
Here's how you can approach this comparison:
1. Research the Original Federalism:
a. Begin by studying the U.S. Constitution and the intentions of the founding fathers when they designed the federal government.
b. Read primary sources such as the Federalist Papers, which provide insights into the original ideas and debates surrounding Federalism.
c. Familiarize yourself with early Supreme Court decisions, like McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), which shaped the early understanding of federal-state powers.
2. Understand the Principles and Features of Original Federalism:
a. Federalism, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers, aimed to establish a balance of power between the national government and the states.
b. Key principles included dual sovereignty, where both the national and state governments possessed authority and independence.
c. The national government had limited and enumerated powers, while the states retained reserved powers.
d. The necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) and the supremacy clause (Article VI, Clause 2) determined the scope and hierarchy of powers.
3. Study the New Federalism:
a. Explore the historical context of the New Federalism, which emerged in the 1960s and 1970s.
b. Look into key figures like President Richard Nixon and Governor Ronald Reagan, who advocated for the devolution of power to the states.
4. Analyze the Principles and Features of the New Federalism:
a. Unlike the original approach, the New Federalism aimed to reduce the power and influence of the federal government and increase state autonomy.
b. Key principles included the devolution of authority, where more responsibilities and decision-making power shifted to the states.
c. Revenue sharing and block grants were used to provide states with greater flexibility in managing federal funds.
d. The New Federalism sought to address policy issues at the state level and allow experimentation with different approaches to governance.
5. Draw Comparisons:
a. Compare the balance of power between the national government and the states in the original implementation of federalism versus the New Federalism.
b. Evaluate the shift in authority and decision-making processes from the federal to state governments.
c. Consider the impact on constitutional interpretation, Supreme Court decisions, and the overall distribution of powers.
By following these steps and conducting thorough research, you will be able to make a comprehensive comparison between the original implementation of Federalism in the United States government and the New Federalism.