1. Calculate the gradient of a hill having a rise

or vertical interval is 300m while the run or
horizontal equivalent is 7cm. Note: The scale
of the map is 1:200,000.

I am assuming you are reading 7 cm on a map which has a scale of 1:200 000

and the contour lines show a change of 300 m for that distance.

1 cm on map -----> 200,000 cm
7 cm on map -----> 1,400,000 cm or 14,000 m, (that is 14 km !!!)

gradient = 300/14000 = 3/140 , or appr 1.22°