Calculate the volume of a conc. solution required to prepare 1 L 0.100 M HCl solution that was taken from a bottle of conc. HCl. The label on the bottle indicates 37.0% HCl, density of 1.18 g/mL. RMM for HCl is 36.5
To calculate the volume of the concentrated solution required, we need to consider the molarity, the volume, and the concentration of the concentrated solution.
Here are the steps to find the volume:
1. Determine the number of moles of HCl needed for the desired concentration:
Molarity (M) = moles (mol) / volume (L)
Rearranging the formula gives moles (mol) = Molarity (M) * volume (L)
For a 0.100 M HCl solution, the moles of HCl needed are:
Moles (mol) = 0.100 M * 1 L = 0.100 mol
2. Determine the molar mass of HCl:
The relative molecular mass (RMM) of HCl is given as 36.5 g/mol.
3. Calculate the mass of HCl required:
Mass (g) = moles (mol) * molar mass (g/mol)
Mass (g) = 0.100 mol * 36.5 g/mol = 3.65 g
4. Determine the volume of the concentrated solution:
The label on the bottle says it contains 37.0% HCl, which means it contains 37.0 g of HCl in 100 mL (0.100 L) of solution.
First, convert the density from grams per milliliter to grams per liter:
Density (g/mL) = 1.18 g/mL
Density (g/L) = 1.18 g/mL * 1000 mL/L = 1180 g/L
Then, calculate the volume of the concentrated solution needed to obtain 3.65 g of HCl:
Volume (L) = mass (g) / density (g/L)
Volume (L) = 3.65 g / 1180 g/L = 0.00309 L or 3.09 mL
So, to prepare a 1 L 0.100 M HCl solution, you will need to take 3.09 mL (or approximately 3.1 mL) of concentrated HCl solution, as indicated on the bottle.