Why is it not advisable to use protons or electrons to bombard an atom during a chemical reaction but neutron is advised
When it comes to bombarding atoms during a chemical reaction, the choice of particles can significantly impact the outcome. Let me explain why it is not advisable to use protons or electrons, but instead, neutrons are preferred.
Protons, which are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, and electrons, which are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus, have strong electromagnetic interactions with the target atom. This means that they experience repulsion or attraction forces based on their charges. When protons or electrons are used to bombard an atom, their interactions can lead to disruptions in the electron cloud surrounding the atom, potentially causing ionization or electronic rearrangements. These interactions primarily influence the electronic structure of the atom rather than inducing nuclear changes.
On the other hand, neutrons, which are electrically neutral particles also found in the nucleus, are preferred for certain types of reactions. Neutrons have no direct electromagnetic interaction with the atom, allowing them to penetrate the electron cloud without significant disruptions. Due to their lack of electric charge, the neutrons primarily interact with the nucleus of the target atom, inducing nuclear changes. These interactions can lead to various outcomes such as nuclear reactions, isotope production, or fission processes.
Neutron irradiation is commonly used in nuclear reactions, research, and even nuclear power generation. By specifically targeting the nucleus, neutrons allow scientists to access different reaction pathways and induce changes in the atomic structure.
In summary, while protons and electrons can cause disruptions in the electronic structure of atoms due to their electromagnetic interactions, neutron bombardment is preferred as it primarily induces nuclear changes, making it suitable for specific types of reactions.