Who were the “scalawags”?

Southern white Republicans who recognized freedmen’s rights but wanted whites to maintain political control
Northern whites who were migrating to the South to seek profit and opportunity
migrating settlers from the North who carried all of their belongings in carpetbags or sacks
Southern whites who joined the Klu Klux Klan for political support and leverage

D?

No. How does your text define scalawag?

is it A?

Yes, A.

No, "scalawags" refers to Southern white Republicans who recognized freedmen’s rights but wanted whites to maintain political control. They were usually former Whigs or Unionists who opposed secession during the Civil War and allied themselves with the Republican Party during the Reconstruction era. These individuals faced significant opposition from the Southern Democrats and were often seen as traitors by their fellow white Southerners. They played a role in reconstruction politics, advocating for policies that would benefit both freedmen and white Southerners.