1)What do we mean by opponent processing? (2 marks) How are white and yellow produced by the opponent process? (3 marks)
2)Describe how light is produced in the atom (2 marks.) Why does each atom produce only specific colours? (3 marks)
3)How does the temperature of an object affect what wavelength of light it gives off? (4 marks) What kind of spectrum does this produce? (1 mark)
4)The energy of a photon can be any value along a continuous spectrum of energies.
True or False
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1) Opponent processing refers to a theory in color vision that suggests that our perception of color is determined by the activity of three different color channels: red/green, blue/yellow, and black/white. These channels are thought to work in an opponent manner, meaning that the perception of one color is inhibited by the presence of its opponent color.
White and yellow are produced by the opponent process through a combination of signals in the red/green and blue/yellow channels. When both channels are stimulated equally, our perception is of white. However, when the red/green channel is more stimulated than the blue/yellow channel, we perceive yellow.
To get the answer to the second part of the question, one could study the opponent process theory and understand how the different color channels interact and produce specific color perceptions.
2) Light is produced in an atom through a process called emission. When an electron in an atom transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, it releases energy in the form of light particles called photons. This emission of photons is what constitutes light.
Each atom produces only specific colors because the energy levels within an atom are quantized, meaning they can only exist at certain discrete levels. The energy difference between these levels corresponds to specific wavelengths of light. Therefore, when electrons transition between these specific energy levels, they only emit photons with those specific wavelengths, resulting in the production of specific colors.
To understand how light is produced in atoms, one could explore atomic structure, electron energy levels, and the concept of photon emission.
3) The temperature of an object directly affects the wavelength of light it emits. According to Planck's law of black body radiation, the intensity and distribution of light emitted by a heated object depend on its temperature. As an object's temperature increases, the object emits more light and shifts towards shorter wavelengths.
This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of Wien's displacement law, which states that hotter objects emit light with shorter wavelengths compared to cooler objects. This means that as the temperature of an object increases, the peak wavelength of light emitted also shifts towards the blue end of the spectrum.
The relationship between temperature and the wavelength of light emitted by an object can be derived from fundamental principles of thermodynamics and radiation physics.
This effect produces a continuous spectrum of light called a black body spectrum, which contains all wavelengths of light in a continuous distribution.
4) False. The energy of a photon is quantized and can only take on specific values, determined by the frequency or wavelength of the light. This is in accordance with the concept of energy quantization in quantum mechanics. Each photon carries a discrete amount of energy that corresponds to its frequency, and this energy cannot take on any value along a continuous spectrum.