In logarithms, my problem is 2log(subscript 3)n + log (sub 3)5. I know how to add logarithms together, but what do I do with the 2 before the first log?

there are 3 main rules of logs

1. log A + log B = log AB
2. log A - log B = log A/B
3. nlog A = log A^n

so your expression is
log3 n^2 + log3 5
= log3(5n^2)