In terms of chemical bonds and electrons, what kinds of changes occur between atoms when substances undego chemical reactions?
what kinds of evidence can you use to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred?
Electrons on more metallic elements are lost and those electrons are gained by non-metallic elements to form ionic bonds. Another way is for the electrons to be shared, rather than exchanged. Sharing of electrons forms a covalent bond.
Change in color, change in temperature, light, formation of a precipitate (if the reactants are solutions).
When substances undergo chemical reactions, changes occur between atoms in terms of chemical bonds and electrons. These changes involve the rearrangement of existing atoms and/or the formation of new chemical bonds. Here's an explanation of the process:
1. Breaking Bonds: In a chemical reaction, existing chemical bonds between atoms are broken. This requires energy input, either in the form of heat, light, or activation energy. Breaking bonds between atoms involves the redistribution of shared electrons.
2. Formation of New Bonds: After the existing bonds are broken, new chemical bonds are formed between different atoms. These new bonds are created as atoms rearrange themselves to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
3. Electron Redistribution: In chemical reactions, electrons are transferred or shared between atoms to achieve a more stable electron arrangement. There are three general types of chemical bonds involved in this process:
a. Ionic Bonds: Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred between atoms. One atom donates electrons to another, resulting in positively charged ions (cation) and negatively charged ions (anion). These oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other, creating the ionic bond.
b. Covalent Bonds: Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. In this bond, two or more electrons are shared between atoms, creating a molecule. Covalent bonds can be polar or nonpolar, depending on the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved.
c. Metallic Bonds: Metallic bonds occur in metals when electrons are delocalized and shared among a lattice of positively charged metal ions. This sharing of electrons gives rise to unique properties of metals, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity.
Overall, chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds and the redistribution of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties.