What changed Newton's original work on the movement of the Moon around the Earth into the law of universal gravitation?
1) his conclusion that the same laws applied to all objects, no matter how small
2) his connection of gravitation to his first law
3) his connection of gravitation to Kepler's observations of planetary movement
4) his conclusion that planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun
5) his conclusion that the same laws applied to all heavenly bodies, not just the Earth and the Moon
To determine the answer to this question, we need to understand the key contributions or modifications that Newton made to his original work on the movement of the Moon around the Earth.
Newton's original work focused primarily on the relationship between the Moon and the Earth, but he later expanded his understanding to include the movement of all objects in the universe. He realized that the same laws of motion and gravitation applied not just to celestial bodies like the Moon and Earth, but also to all objects, no matter how small. This realization led to the concept of universal gravitation.
Now, let's evaluate each of the given options to see which one aligns with this idea:
1) Newton did conclude that the same laws applied to all objects, but this conclusion alone did not directly change his original work on the movement of the Moon around the Earth into the law of universal gravitation. Thus, this option is not the correct answer.
2) Similarly, while Newton did connect gravitation to his first law (the law of inertia), this connection alone did not significantly change his original work on the movement of the Moon. So, this option is not the correct answer either.
3) Newton's connection of gravitation to Kepler's observations of planetary movement is a significant advancement. Kepler's laws described the motion of planets around the Sun, and Newton realized that these laws were derived from the same principles of gravitation that applied to the Moon's motion around the Earth. This connection is an essential aspect of Newton's development of the law of universal gravitation. Hence, this option is a strong contender for the correct answer.
4) Newton's conclusion that planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun is significant within the context of his broader work, but it does not directly relate to his modification of the Moon's movement around the Earth into the law of universal gravitation. Therefore, this option is not the correct answer.
5) Newton's conclusion that the same laws applied to all heavenly bodies, not just the Earth and the Moon, aligns with the idea of universal gravitation. This realization, coupled with his connection to Kepler's observations, led to the development of the law of universal gravitation. Consequently, this option is also a strong contender for the correct answer.
Considering the evaluation of each option, both options 3 and 5 show strong alignment with the development of the law of universal gravitation. To determine the specific answer, further context or clarification may be needed.