Sodium chloride dissolves in water (solubility in water is 361g/1L), but copper (II) phosphate does not dissolve in water (insoluble).
A. Describe in a stepwise fashion how the solid sodium chloride dissolves in the water to form a solution. (name the resulting interparticle force of attraction).
To describe the stepwise process of how solid sodium chloride dissolves in water to form a solution, you can follow these steps:
Step 1: Intermolecular forces
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound composed of sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). In the solid state, the sodium and chloride ions are held together by strong ionic bonds, forming a crystal lattice structure.
Step 2: Solvent interaction
When added to water, the polar water molecules begin to interact with the sodium chloride crystal lattice. The partially negative oxygen atoms in water are attracted to the positively charged sodium ions, while the partially positive hydrogen atoms in water are attracted to the negatively charged chloride ions. This interaction between the solute (NaCl) and the solvent (water) is known as solvation or hydration.
Step 3: Disruption of crystal lattice
As the water molecules surround the Na+ and Cl- ions, they start to weaken the ionic bonds holding the crystal together. The individual sodium and chloride ions are gradually pulled away from the crystal lattice.
Step 4: Ion separation
Eventually, the attraction between the sodium and chloride ions and water molecules is strong enough to overcome the ionic bonds completely. The sodium and chloride ions become fully separated from each other.
Step 5: Formation of a solution
Once fully separated, the sodium and chloride ions disperse uniformly throughout the water. The resulting mixture is a solution of Na+ and Cl- ions in water. The interparticle force of attraction in the resulting solution is known as ion-dipole interactions, where the positive ions are attracted to the partial negative charge of the water molecules, and the negative ions are attracted to the partial positive charge of the water molecules.
Overall, the dissolution of sodium chloride in water involves the solvation of ions and the disruption of the ionic crystal lattice, resulting in the formation of a solution through ion-dipole interactions.
To understand the stepwise process of how solid sodium chloride dissolves in water, we need to consider the interactions between the sodium chloride particles and water molecules. Here's a stepwise explanation:
1. First, we have solid sodium chloride (NaCl) which consists of a lattice structure made up of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-). In the solid state, the sodium and chloride ions are strongly attracted to each other due to ionic bonding.
2. When solid sodium chloride is introduced to water, individual water molecules (H2O) interact with the surface of the solid crystal lattice. Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a slightly positive charge at the hydrogen atoms and a slightly negative charge at the oxygen atom.
3. The positive end of the water molecule (the hydrogen end) is attracted to the negatively charged chloride ions in the lattice, while the negative end (the oxygen) is attracted to the positively charged sodium ions.
4. As water molecules interact with the sodium chloride lattice, the attractive forces between the water molecules and the ions overcome the ionic bonds within the lattice.
5. The ions separate from the lattice and become surrounded by water molecules. The sodium ions become surrounded by water molecules with their oxygen ends (negative) facing the sodium ions, while the chloride ions become surrounded by water molecules with their hydrogen ends (positive) facing the chloride ions. This process is called hydration.
6. The individual sodium and chloride ions are now dispersed in the water, creating a solution. Each ion becomes surrounded by a cluster of water molecules, forming a hydration sphere or a solvation shell.
7. The resulting interparticle force of attraction in this solution is called ion-dipole interaction or ion-dipole forces. These forces result from the attraction between the charged ions and the charged ends of the water molecules.
In summary, the stepwise process of dissolving sodium chloride in water involves the water molecules interacting with the solid lattice, breaking the ionic bonds, and surrounding the individual ions with hydration shells. The resulting interparticle force of attraction is ion-dipole forces.