1.   What measurement best describes the results of a scientific experiment regarding distance? 

A. 57 miles
B. 500 kilograms
C. 523 inches
D. 51 kilometers     

My answer is D.
Am I correct?   

Correct.

Honestly, I think you are correct. Kilometers seems to be the most reasonable for distance.

For 523 inches, it seems to be too small, and too many inches.

For 500 kilograms, it doesn't deal distance. It deals with the weight of something.

For 57 miles, it's reasonable for distance as well, but several websites say that miles are not used as much as kilometers.

Therefore, I think you are correct.

I hope this helps! :)

For science, the metric system is the standard of measurement. Rarely is the English system (miles) used.

2.   The study of the weather is known as 

A. microbiology.
B. geology.
C. meteorology.
D. hydrology.

My answer is C,right?

Yes. The study of weather is meteorology.

3.   Which of the following is not a characteristic that geologists use to identify minerals? 

A. Softness
B. Color
C. Fracture
D. Streak 

My best answer will have to be A,but not sure about C?

4.   Which statement best describes an igneous intrusion? 

    A. Magma is injected into surrounding rock forming an igneous intrusion.
B. Magma explodes to the surface and forms a smooth outer layer of rock.
C. Magma is exported to an open area and forms iron.
D. Igneous intrusions form when ice crystals splash into lava.

Umm A???

According to this and other sites, none of the answers for C is correct.

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Identification_of_Minerals

None of the answers for 3 is correct.

So C would be the best choice?

What should I answer?

Check your book. I don't think any of the answers for 3 is right.

I would chose softness as the answer for 3. All of the sites list color, luster, fracture, cleavage, hardness, streak,etc. Although we may think we know how soft a mineral is if we know the hardness, softness is not something that is measured.

For #1 I agree that the answer probably is correct for km but from a technical standpoint I think all but b COULD be chosen. If I am performing an experiment it is up to me to decide how I want to measure the distance. And that decision depends upon what I am measuring and how small or how large it is. If I am measuring the width of a road it would be ridiculous to chose km. Inches might be better.

b could not be chosen because it measures weight or mass, not distance.

Which is why I wrote "all but b could be chosen"

Oops! When will I learn to read more carefully??

Thanks for the correction, Dr. Bob.