what is the procedure for determining the boiling point of 1 M solution of sugar,urea,glucose,NaCl,BaCl2,AlCl3
To determine the boiling point of a solution, you need to consider the concept of boiling point elevation. This phenomenon occurs when a solute is dissolved in a solvent, and it raises the boiling point of the solution compared to the pure solvent. The boiling point elevation is proportional to the concentration of the solute.
To calculate the boiling point elevation, you can use the following equation:
ΔTb = Kb * m
Where:
- ΔTb is the boiling point elevation (in degrees Celsius),
- Kb is the molal boiling point elevation constant (unique for each solvent),
- m is the molality of the solution (moles of solute per kilogram of solvent).
First, you need to determine the molality of the solution. Molality (m) is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the mass of the solvent (in kilograms).
To start, determine the moles of solute in the solution. For each solute, you can use the formula:
moles = Molarity * Volume
Where:
- Molarity is the concentration in moles per liter (mol/L).
- Volume is the volume of the solution in liters.
The molar mass (grams/mol) of the solute can be found in a periodic table or calculated by adding the atomic masses of each element present in the compound.
Once you have the moles of solute, divide it by the mass of the solvent (in kilograms) to obtain the molality.
After calculating the molality, you will need to look up the molal boiling point elevation constant (Kb) specific to the solvent you are using. For water, the value of Kb is approximately 0.512 °C/m.
Finally, substitute the values of Kb and m into the equation ΔTb = Kb * m to calculate the boiling point elevation (ΔTb) of the solution.
To determine the boiling point, you need to add the boiling point elevation to the boiling point of the pure solvent. For water, the boiling point is 100 °C at sea level.
Add the boiling point elevation to the boiling point of the solvent to obtain the boiling point of the solution.
Repeat these calculations for each solute, using their respective molar masses and molal boiling point elevation constants.