Explain Why some ionic compounds are soluble in water. Explain why non-ionic compounds, such as ethanol or sugar are soluble in water. Explain what a saturated solution.
I'm sure these definitions are in your text/notes. For solubility remember like dissolves like; therefore, ethanol is soluble in water since both contain OH groups. Water is a polar compound and polar ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvent.
you would be surprise what he actually leaves out.
Some ionic compounds are soluble in water due to the attractive forces between the ions and water molecules. When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the water molecules surround the ions and separate them from each other. This process is known as hydration or solvation.
Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a slight positive charge on one end (the hydrogen side) and a slight negative charge on the other end (the oxygen side). These charges interact with the positive and negative charges of the ions in an ionic compound. The positive ions (cations) are attracted to the oxygen side of water molecules, while the negative ions (anions) are attracted to the hydrogen side of water molecules. These interactions weaken the attractive forces holding the ions together in the crystal lattice, allowing the compound to dissolve in water.
Non-ionic compounds, such as ethanol or sugar, are soluble in water due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom, covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen), interacts with another electronegative atom. In water, the hydrogen atoms in water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with the oxygen or nitrogen atoms in non-ionic compounds.
Ethanol, for example, contains an -OH (hydroxyl) group, which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Sugar molecules also have hydroxyl groups and other functional groups that can interact with water through hydrogen bonding. These interactions allow the non-ionic compounds to mix uniformly with water and dissolve.
A saturated solution is a solution in which the maximum amount of solute has dissolved in a solvent under a given set of conditions, typically at a specific temperature. In simpler terms, it is a solution where no more solute can dissolve in the solvent at that particular temperature. If more solute is added to a saturated solution, it will not dissolve and will instead settle at the bottom of the container. On the other hand, if the temperature of the solution is increased, more solute may dissolve, as the solubility of most substances tends to increase with temperature.