As a data collection specialist at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), you have been involved in a research study conducted over the past year. The study found that liver cancer rates per 100,000 males among cigarette smokers to nonsnmokers, in a major urban U.S. city, were 48.0 to 25.4 respectively. 1. What would be the relative risk of males in developing liver cancer for smokers? (round to 2 decimal places) 2. What would be the relative risk of males in developing liver cancer for nonsmokers?
1.89
To calculate the relative risk for smokers and nonsmokers in developing liver cancer, you need the rates of liver cancer for each group. In this case, the rates per 100,000 males among cigarette smokers and nonsmokers are given as 48.0 and 25.4, respectively.
Relative Risk (RR) is calculated by dividing the incidence rate (rate of liver cancer) in the exposed group (smokers) by the incidence rate in the unexposed group (nonsmokers).
1. To calculate the relative risk for males developing liver cancer as smokers:
RR = Incidence rate in smokers / Incidence rate in nonsmokers
= 48.0 / 25.4
≈ 1.89 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
So, the relative risk for males developing liver cancer as smokers is approximately 1.89.
2. To calculate the relative risk for males developing liver cancer as nonsmokers:
RR = Incidence rate in nonsmokers / Incidence rate in smokers
= 25.4 / 48.0
≈ 0.53 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
So, the relative risk for males developing liver cancer as nonsmokers is approximately 0.53.