The Spanish, the Dutch, the French, the Portuguese, and the British are all examples of what? What are they called?

They're all Europeans.

I mean, what are they? Are these colonies?

They are citizens of European countries.

The Spanish, Dutch, French, Portuguese, and British are all examples of colonial powers. They are called colonial powers because they were nations that established and maintained colonies around the world during the time of colonialism. Colonialism refers to the practice of one country asserting political and economic dominance over another region or country, often leading to the establishment of colonies. These colonial powers pursued various motivations, including economic gain, exploration, religion, and territorial expansion. To know the answer to this question, you can study history books or refer to reliable historical sources that discuss the period of colonialism.