how are the structural formulas of water,, acetone,ethanol and methylated spirit written?
water H₂O
acetone CH₃-C(O)-CH₃
ethanol CH₃-CH₂-OH or C₂H₅OH
methylated spirit CH₃ OH
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetone
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol
The structural formulas of water, acetone, ethanol, and methylated spirit can be represented using molecular diagrams or line-angle formulas. Let's break down how to write the structural formulas for each of these compounds:
1. Water (H2O):
- Water consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.
- To represent this, draw two hydrogen atoms (H) connected to an oxygen atom (O) by lines. The oxygen atom should have two non-bonding pairs of electrons, often shown as dots.
- The structural formula for water would look like this: H-O-H
2. Acetone (CH3COCH3):
- Acetone has a simple structure consisting of three carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom.
- Start by drawing a chain of three carbon atoms in a row.
- Attach three hydrogen atoms to each of the carbon atoms, except for the middle carbon atom, which has two hydrogen atoms.
- Lastly, attach an oxygen atom to the middle carbon atom by a double bond, and add a methyl group (CH3) to each of the other carbon atoms.
- The structural formula for acetone would look like this: CH3COCH3
3. Ethanol (C2H5OH):
- Ethanol contains two carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom.
- Begin by drawing a chain of two carbon atoms in a row.
- Attach three hydrogen atoms to the first carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms to the second carbon atom.
- Finally, connect the oxygen atom to the second carbon atom and add a hydrogen atom to the oxygen atom.
- The structural formula for ethanol would look like this: CH3CH2OH
4. Methylated Spirit (CH3OH):
- Methylated spirit is primarily composed of methanol, which consists of one carbon atom, four hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom.
- Begin by drawing a carbon atom in the center.
- Attach three hydrogen atoms to the carbon atom.
- Connect the carbon atom to the oxygen atom and add an additional hydrogen atom to the oxygen atom.
- Finally, add a methyl group (CH3) to the remaining bonding position on the carbon atom.
- The structural formula for methylated spirit (methanol) would look like this: CH3OH
Remember, these formulas show the arrangement of the atoms within the molecule.