Identify and describe 3 environmental health hazard that cause ill health,crises and or disasters within your community or any other community within South Africa and globally .include evidence that is current of the identified issues
See Related Questions below.
1. air pollution
air pollution is when air is being polluted by air pollutants such as industries, exhausts of motors. This type of environmental health hazard may be more concerntrated in urban areas.
Is when air is being polluted
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Air pollution is when air is being polluted by carbon dioxide by cars,ships and indstries.this health hazard is more concerntraded in urban areas because people who live in urban area they burn woods,plastics etc so that they can cook with that fire
To identify and describe environmental health hazards that cause ill health, crises, and disasters in a community, it's important to consider both local and global perspectives. Here are three examples of environmental health hazards that can affect communities in South Africa and globally, along with current evidence:
1. Air Pollution: Air pollution is a significant health hazard in many communities. It is caused by various factors such as emissions from industries, vehicles, and burning of fossil fuels. In South Africa, areas with high levels of air pollution include urban centers with heavy traffic and regions near mining activities. Globally, air pollution is a widespread issue, particularly in densely populated cities. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution causes around 7 million premature deaths worldwide each year.
Evidence: One recent study conducted by the South African Medical Research Council in Johannesburg found that air pollution has adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Another evidence is the WHO's Ambient Air Pollution database, which provides data on air quality globally and identifies areas with high pollution levels.
2. Water Contamination: Water contamination can result from factors like inadequate sanitation, industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal. In South Africa, communities without access to clean water sources are particularly vulnerable to waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid. Globally, inadequate access to clean water is a significant issue, affecting around 2.2 billion people worldwide according to the WHO.
Evidence: A study conducted by the University of Pretoria found that water contamination due to inadequate sanitation leads to a high incidence of diarrhea and other water-related diseases in South Africa. Additionally, the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals report highlights the global challenge of ensuring universal access to clean water and proper sanitation.
3. Climate Change: Climate change is a long-term environmental health hazard that affects both South Africa and the world. It is caused by factors such as greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and unsustainable land use practices. In South Africa, climate change contributes to extreme weather events like droughts, heatwaves, and floods, having a significant impact on agriculture, public health, and communities' resilience. Globally, climate change poses threats to food security, water availability, and increases the risk of natural disasters.
Evidence: According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), South Africa is projected to experience increased rainfall variability, higher temperatures, and sea-level rise due to climate change. The National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy of South Africa provides further evidence by outlining the country's vulnerability to climate change impacts and proposed adaptation measures. Globally, the IPCC's reports synthesize scientific evidence on the impacts of climate change, including rising global temperatures, sea-level rise, and more frequent extreme weather events.
It's worth noting that the evidence provided here is a general overview. For more specific and up-to-date information about environmental health hazards in a particular community or South Africa as a whole, consulting local health authorities, research institutions, and official reports would be recommended.