according to aristotle, ethos refers to:

A. emotions
B. logic
C. ethics
D. none of the above

http://courses.durhamtech.edu/perkins/aris.html

D is wrong

To find the answer to this question, we can rely on the works of Aristotle, a well-known Greek philosopher. Aristotle developed a theory of persuasion known as rhetoric, and one of the key elements of his theory is ethos.

To understand the meaning of ethos according to Aristotle, we can explore his writings, particularly his work called "Rhetoric." In this work, Aristotle explains that ethos is a persuasive appeal that relies on establishing the credibility, trustworthiness, and character of the speaker or writer. It involves the audience perceiving the speaker or writer as being knowledgeable, ethical, and having expertise in the subject matter.

Now, let's analyze the options provided:

A. Emotions: This is not the correct answer because Aristotle associates emotions more closely with pathos—a different rhetorical appeal that focuses on appealing to the audience's emotions.

B. Logic: Although logic is an important aspect of persuasive arguments, it is not the definition of ethos according to Aristotle.

C. Ethics: This is the correct answer. Aristotle's concept of ethos is deeply connected to ethics. It emphasizes the speaker or writer's ethical character, integrity, and moral excellence to establish credibility.

D. None of the above: This choice is incorrect, as C is the correct answer.

Therefore, according to Aristotle, ethos refers to ethics, specifically the ethical appeal of a speaker or writer.