a bottle is given a push along a frictionless tabletop and slides off the edge of the table (a) what forced are exerted on the bottle while (i) it is being pushed (ii) on the table free of push(iii)falling from the table to the floor. (b) what is the reaction force to each force in part a
(i) applied force and gravity
(ii) gravity
(iii) gravity
(b)equal and opposite forces on the person applying the force and to the earth (gravity)
To answer your question, let's go through each scenario:
(a) Forces exerted on the bottle:
(i) While the bottle is being pushed: When the bottle is being pushed along the frictionless tabletop, the main force acting on it is the pushing force. This pushing force has two components: the horizontal component (parallel to the table) and the vertical component (perpendicular to the table).
(ii) On the table free of push: Once the bottle is free of any external force on the table, there are no forces acting on it horizontally since there is no friction and no pushing force. However, there is still the force of gravity acting on it vertically, pulling it downward.
(iii) Falling from the table to the floor: As the bottle falls from the table to the floor, the only force acting on it is the force of gravity, pulling it downward.
(b) Reaction forces:
(i) While being pushed: According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. So, the reaction force to the pushing force on the bottle is the force exerted by the bottle on the person or object doing the pushing. In other words, the bottle exerts an equal and opposite force on the person or object pushing it.
(ii) On the table free of push: When the bottle is free of any external forces on the table, there is no horizontal force to generate a reaction force. However, the reaction force to the force of gravity pulling the bottle downward is the normal force exerted by the table on the bottle. The normal force is the supporting force exerted by a surface perpendicular to the surface.
(iii) Falling from the table to the floor: As the bottle falls from the table to the floor, there is no reaction force horizontally. The reaction force to the force of gravity pulling the bottle downward is the normal force exerted by the floor on the bottle once it lands. The floor provides a supporting force to counteract the force of gravity.
Remember, these explanations are based on the assumption that the tabletop, table, and floor are all smooth and frictionless. In reality, there might be slight variations due to other factors such as air resistance or surface imperfections.