The aperture setting, or f-stop, of a digital camera controls the amount of light exposure on the sensor. Each higher number of the f-stop doubles the amount of light exposure. The formula n=log_2(1/p) represents the change in the number, n, of the f-stop needed, where p is the amount of light exposed on the sensor.

a) a photographer wishes to change the f-stop to accomodate a cloudy day in which only 1/4 of the sunlight is available. How many f-stops does the setting need to be moved?

My answer:
2 (which is correct)

b) if the photographer decreases the f-stop by four settings, what fraction of the light is allowed to fall on the sensor?

I need help on part b. My attempt is this:
-4p=log_2(1/p)
then I solved for p, and got -1/2 but it is wrong.

4=log(base 2) 1/p

2^4 = 1/p

16 = 1/p

16p = 1

p = 1/16

To solve part b, we can start by rearranging the formula to isolate "p":

n = log_2(1/p)

We want to decrease the f-stop by four settings, which means we are looking for the value of "p" when "n" is equal to -4.

-4 = log_2(1/p)

Next, we can rewrite the equation using the exponential form of logarithms:

2^(-4) = 1/p

Simplifying further:

1/16 = 1/p

Cross multiplying:

p = 16

Therefore, when the f-stop is decreased by four settings, the fraction of light allowed to fall on the sensor is 1/16.

To solve part b) of the question, we need to understand that when the f-stop is decreased by four settings, the amount of light exposure on the sensor decreases. We can use the formula n=log_2(1/p), as provided.

Let's proceed step by step:

Step 1: Start with the given formula: n = log_2(1/p).

Step 2: Substitute the new value for n, which is -4, since the f-stop is decreased by four settings: -4 = log_2(1/p).

Step 3: Rewrite the equation using exponential form: 2^(-4) = 1/p.

Step 4: Simplify the equation: 1/2^4 = 1/p. Since 2^4 = 16, we have 1/16 = 1/p.

Step 5: Cross-multiply: p = 16.

So, when the photographer decreases the f-stop by four settings, 1/16th of the light is allowed to fall on the sensor.

Therefore, the correct answer is that the fraction of light allowed to fall on the sensor is 1/16, not -1/2.