Can someone help me with this question
Identify leaders of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements and their contributions to their respective causes. How did these social pioneers forge the way for this important ratification? What legislation was relevant during these critical times?
http://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1226023169
Here are a number of excellent sites on those movements:
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=leaders%2C+Civil+Rights+and+Black+Power+movements+&btnG=Google+Search&aq=f&oq=
Certainly! To answer your question, we need to break it down into three parts: identifying leaders of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, understanding their contributions, and recognizing relevant legislation during those times.
1. Identifying leaders of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements:
a. Civil Rights Movement leaders:
- Martin Luther King Jr.: Known for his use of nonviolent resistance and his famous "I Have a Dream" speech, King was a prominent leader in the fight against racial segregation and discrimination in the United States.
- Rosa Parks: Often referred to as the "Mother of the Civil Rights Movement," Parks' refusal to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama, sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and became a significant catalyst for the movement.
- Malcolm X: An influential figure in the Black Muslim movement, Malcolm X advocated for black empowerment, self-defense, and cultural pride.
b. Black Power Movement leaders:
- Stokely Carmichael: As the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Carmichael popularized the term "Black Power," emphasizing black self-determination and community control.
- Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale: Founders of the Black Panther Party, Newton and Seale focused on self-defense against police brutality, community programs, and advocating for black rights.
- Angela Davis: A prominent activist and scholar, Davis was involved in various civil rights and black power organizations. She advocated for equality, women's rights, and prison abolition.
2. Contributions of these leaders:
- Martin Luther King Jr.: King mobilized and led peaceful protests, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington, advocating for desegregation, voting rights, and equal treatment under the law.
- Rosa Parks: Parks' act of civil disobedience inspired the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which lasted 381 days and led to a Supreme Court ruling declaring racial segregation on public buses unconstitutional.
- Malcolm X: Malcolm X's speeches and writings helped raise awareness about racial inequality, the importance of self-determination, and the need for racial solidarity.
- Stokely Carmichael: Carmichael's call for Black Power helped shift the focus from integration to black self-empowerment and brought attention to issues such as institutional racism, police brutality, and socioeconomic disparities.
- Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale: The Black Panther Party, founded by Newton and Seale, provided numerous community programs, such as free breakfast for children, medical clinics, and assistance to the underserved black communities.
- Angela Davis: Davis advocated for the rights of marginalized groups, including African Americans, women, and prisoners. Her work highlighted issues of racial, gender, and economic inequality.
3. Relevant legislation during these times:
- Civil Rights Act of 1964: This landmark legislation banned racial discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and federally funded programs.
- Voting Rights Act of 1965: This act aimed to overcome racial barriers preventing African Americans from exercising their right to vote. It authorized the federal government to intervene in states with discriminatory voting practices.
- Fair Housing Act of 1968: This act prohibited housing discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origin.
To further enhance your understanding, I would recommend conducting individual research on each leader and the specific legislation mentioned.