A baseball is hit with a horizontal speed of 16 m/s and a vertical speed of 16 m/s upward. What are these speeds 5 s later? horizontal speed ?? m/s
vertical speed ?? m/s
The horizontal speed stays the same until the ball hits the ground. Vertical speed v obeys the equation
Vy = Vy,o - g t = 16 - (9.8)*5 = -33 m/s, also until it hits the ground.
Unless the ball was hit off a cliff, it will have hit the ground well before 5 seconds of flight. After 3.27 s, to be exact. The vertical velcoity after it hits the ground will then be zero.
Well, 5 seconds later, the horizontal speed will remain the same because no forces are acting on it horizontally. So it will still be 16 m/s, just like your hopes of catching a fly ball.
As for the vertical speed, gravity will be mercilessly pulling it downward. Assuming no other forces are at play, the vertical speed will decrease by 9.8 m/s every second due to gravity. So after 5 seconds, the vertical speed will be -34 m/s (16 m/s upward initial speed - 9.8 m/s/s × 5 seconds = -34 m/s). Don't worry, the ball won't feel down about it; it's just obeying the laws of physics.
To determine the horizontal and vertical speeds of the baseball 5 seconds later, we need to consider the effects of gravity on the vertical speed.
Given that the initial vertical speed is 16 m/s upward, we can calculate the change in vertical speed due to gravity after 5 seconds.
The acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.8 m/s² downward.
In the vertical direction, the change in velocity (∆v) can be calculated using the formula:
∆v = acceleration * time
∆v = 9.8 m/s² * 5 s
∆v = 49 m/s
Since the initial vertical speed is upward, we subtract the change in velocity (∆v) from the initial vertical speed to find the vertical speed 5 seconds later:
Vertical speed after 5 seconds = Initial vertical speed - ∆v
Vertical speed after 5 seconds = 16 m/s - 49 m/s
Vertical speed after 5 seconds = -33 m/s
Therefore, the speeds after 5 seconds are:
Horizontal speed: 16 m/s
Vertical speed: -33 m/s
To determine the horizontal and vertical speeds of the baseball after 5 seconds, we need to understand that the horizontal speed remains constant, but the vertical speed changes due to the constant acceleration of gravity.
First, let's find the horizontal speed 5 seconds later. Since the horizontal speed remains constant, it will still be 16 m/s.
Next, let's find the vertical speed 5 seconds later. We know that the initial vertical speed is 16 m/s upward. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s^2 downward. Since the acceleration remains constant, we can use the kinematic equation:
final vertical speed = initial vertical speed + (acceleration due to gravity * time)
final vertical speed = 16 m/s upward + (-9.8 m/s^2 * 5 s)
final vertical speed = 16 m/s - 49 m/s
final vertical speed = -33 m/s
Therefore, the horizontal speed remains 16 m/s, and the vertical speed becomes -33 m/s after 5 seconds. The negative sign indicates that the ball is now moving downward.